Introduction of human resource development process

Introduction of human election culture serve wellHuman resource Management is, perhaps, the oldest and most widely queryed subject in oversight. Yet, as technologies change, cultural diversities occur and peoples expectations undergo fundamental shifts towards newer and newer dimensions.In this rapid revolutionary changing environment, human resource development, a part of human resource management plays an big factor in determine an memorial tablets success.Human imagery Development is important to any growing business shaping because it helps to improve business occasioning through the development of personnel, and, directing and enhancing talents and skills through planned activities design to improve organizational learning. Ronald R. Sims (2007) described Human Resource Development as strategicalally-driven activities designed to alter current and future day learning, performance, and change (p 2). Sims pointed tabu that in the early 1980s the field of personnel management shifted its emphasis as personnel departments renamed themselves human resource department. Although this change in some instances was a scheme, Sims pointed out that in many cases, The change in language marked a subtle shift, from a number that essentially handled staffing and related administrative activities to a function that focused on the development of people as a resource to the organization (2007, p. 2).2) The Human Resource Development ProcessIn the information base economy, human capital can be an organizations greatest asset or it can likewise be its greatest liability. However not being the physical assets scarcely the intellecture assets within employees. A companys human capital asset is the collective sum of the attributes, life experience, knowledge, inventiveness, energy, and eagerness that its people choose to invest in their work and that argon the reasons human resources development is so crucial to a companys success.The human resource developme nt process has traditionally focused on improving the skills, knowledge, and attitudes of the individuals. Due to this, confirmation of success has primarily been made by measuring individuals satisfaction with events and, to lesser extent, to the learning that has occurred. Although at some point HRD activities has been adopted as an optional and sometimes wasteful activity by conclusiveness makers but according to Jack Phillips and Elwood Holton (1997), majority of this business decision makers view HRD as a value added activity something that is potentially worth doing and HRD as a major business process something an organization do to come (p. 1).As the worlds economy contentiously dominated by instability and change, while the disturbance and corporate transformations in the vast industry, the growth and productivity afforded through information engineering, and the increase turnover among successful and failed business ventures as well as the political, economic and social turmoil confounded business development planners, the HRD plays an important role to analyze business opportunities, and determine the key performance requirements of new business objectives, and position highly competent people within state-of the-art work system to achieve those objectives. Phillips and Holton contend, strategic development and utilization of employee expertise is now imperative for organizations trying to create new opportunities for growth (1997, p. 2) Phillips and Holton emphasized that the process of development and deployment of employee expertise be important components of HRD function. They stated that as organization conditions compel the reshaping of approach, workforce competence and flexibility at all levels of the organization, become vital to business success, in the midst of outline formulation, planners and decision makers, HRD understanding and expertise be in a critical position to examine and determine business opportunities and performance requirements.The HRD process then is the HRD function of training, enhancing employees skills, deploying competent workforce towards the companys competitive profit, and positioning of company schema towards competitive advantage through appraising performance and aligning company strategy towards this objective. It is also included in this process the critical examination of the business opportunities and determining key performance of new business objectives. In other words, the HRD process ar also the company strategy towards its competitive advantage and this involve the training or dish outer development, to organize skills enhancement and development training, the organizational development, to conduct research new business opportunities and orientation on performance requirements, and performance appraisers, for the evaluation of employee performance. This performance evaluation is important increating motivation and instilling loyalty among the employee towards the compa ny.A systematic training and development approach is a methodology for managing training programs to ensure a comprehensive training process in 3 re give wayative vocalizesAssessment phrase where the training objectives are identify and decision makers to determine when training will occur and who will be involve. Activity phrase is the phrase of designing and implementing training package upon the establishment of the training objective. Evaluation phrase where employees are evaluate if the training are being value-adding. It is only essential to the organization if employees are being value-adding to them after training and bring a more positive turnover. If the entire process is not value-adding at all to the organization and have little or non return of investment to the organization, it is being regard as an excess overhead that will be axed off in no time. done the use of the systematic approach to training, practitioners ensure that relevant skills are identified, proper l earning methods are used, and that employees can perform work as expected when they are assigned to work.3) The importance of Human resource development and its ProcessHRD and its process are important because they are in powerful position to assist in and measure strategic organization results such as performance outcomes and return on investment. Phillips and Holton noted that HRD practitioners also provide strategic capability by assisting in the translation of strategies into more consistent behaviours and the realignment of work process (1997, p. 3). HRD superior are expert at facilitating and directing process level organization change, allowing for the translation of strategic direction into new and improved ways of accomplishing the organizations work. Because of this expertise, HRD has become important in the positioning of the companies strategy towards competitive advantage not only of the business strategy but also the employees competitiveness. HRD is also involved in the strategy formation, which requires that organization value human capital as an ingredient for the organizations long-term success. According to Monica lee (2003), HRD as a process has the potential of harmonizing, supporting, and shaping the larger systems (p. 27). Monica Lee pointed out Swansons (2001) systems theory to HRD which argues that the system worldview model of HRD as a process with in the organization. Leonard David Goodstein, Timothy Nolan, and J. William Pferffer (1993) stressed that in addition to serving as a champion for strategic planning HRD professional play the stakeholder in the planning process. They pointed out as stake holder, the HRD professional has the important responsibility of linking the organizations over all strategic plans to its human resources (1993, p. 76). This job according to them requires the HRD professional to understand the nature of the general strategic planning and should be aware that strategic planning is the process through wh ich the senior management of the organization clarifies what it intends the organization to become and what its goals are, both monetary and non-financial matters. This process requires a high degree of problem solving skills and the HRD professional are expected to be a model for such skills.4) Advantages of HRD to the OrganizationCatherine M. Sleezer Tim I Wentling, and Roger L. Cude (2002) noted that HRD has become strategically integrated in the organization (p. 11). They pointed out that training has become a cote value for organization, and coach view employees education, training, and development as critical to organizational success. The importance of HRD in business organization is reflected by the fact that today, team building activities, and skills enhancing and leadership training and the human resource is viewed as important in the companys strategy towards competitive advantage. John P. Wilson stressed that today business environment requires that HRD not only suppo rts the business strategies or organizations, but that assumes a pivotal role in the shaping of business strategy (1999, p. 12). Wilson pointed out that HRD serves a strategic role by assuring the competence of employees to meet the organizations present performance demands. Wilson adds, HRD also serves a vital role in shaping strategy and enabling organizations to take full advantage of emergent business strategies (1999, p. 12).6) Advantages of HRD to the employeesThe advantage of the HRD to the employees is that HRD provides training through instructor-led classrooms. Catherine M Sleezer, wintling, and Cude noted that HRD is rooted in training and development, organizational development, and career development to improve individual, group, and organizational effectiveness (2002, p. 2). Thomas N. Garavan, silklike Costine, and Noreen Heraty (2002), viewed human resource as decision-making employees, and this, they point out, is increasingly significant factor as the influence of more sophisticated technology is leading to a decrease demand for manual employees and an increase for decision making employees (p. 17). Thus, there are views that stress on development of people as a company investment. Garavan, Costine, and Heraty contends that this view suggest that investment in human resource development will automatically lead to improve business performance (2002, p. 28).The advantage to the employee of HRD aside from the trainings and development the HRD is providing is that it serves as the agency for promotion and incentive to performance and productivity of the employees performance as they are evaluated and appraised for necessary action. The HRD also provides the opportunity for employees to develop their talents and lay slash the path for career development.(7) Problems that affect the human resource developmentHuman resource development depends upon various factors of standard of living. One of these factors is the social problems. Education, housi ng, and health care are the top issues in the social problems. These factors According to Qureshi M.U. affect human resources, natural resources, and proficient resources (p. 221). Qureshi M.U. (2005) emphasized that education develops human resource while pause health provisions contribute to his health maintenance. Housing and social services meets the individuals needs.Another factor affecting human resource development will be the morality of employees. Perhaps the issue here is the workers grievances and injustice they suffered from employers. These grievances maybe caused by inconsistent treatment of workers, discrimination, or salary related matters. Milan Kubr (2002) suggested the need of consultant to woo the mechanics of grievance procedure or other conflict resolution procedures (p. 402). In this way, the problem of legal changes can be addressed practically.Laurie Larwood and Urs E. Gattiker (1999) pointed out that technological change affects the supervisory jobs, st affing and development needs (p. 19). From the statement, the need of training for current and prospective employees is proven to be essential in order to pace up with the rapid tempo of technological changes today.8) Improving organizationsRonald Sims (2007) pointed out that HRD is concerned to support employees within the organization to perform at their highest level so that the entire organization can perform at its highest level. There are two ways that the HRD can help the organization first, the HRD must support the work done in the organization and provide human resource development at the place it is needed and at the tome it is needed. Second, Support the work to be done in the future by creating learning infrastructure that will help employees and the organization learn and grow and change in line with environmental demands. In other words, HRD professional must, as Sims advice, must identify critical workforce and must design initiatives that help the employees develop t heir skills to improve their performance. Sims point out that organization needs employees that are multi-skilled/reskilled knowledge workers who can effectively work in teams in as increasingly global world.9) ConclusionHRD is important in business organization because they are professional whose expertise is in developing the human resource. Today, more and more companies are recognizing human resource as a human capital in business. They invest on their development and provide corresponding incentives to their efficiency. Indeed despite of the advance of technology, still it cannot be a substitute to human expertise because technology merely depends on the skills of the decision-making employee. Because of the importance of the human resource, I recommend that business organization should look into the welfare of the employee and offer opportunity for social developments such as providing housing loan, educational assistance to immediate family members or any other applicable ben efits. All this should be undertaken by the HRD as they are more machine-accessible to the employees. I also recommend that business organization empower HRD to handle employees grievances injustice against their superior to verify the matter and submit report to the personnel manager or to the appropriate authority. In this way, the organization can avoid unfair labor treatment at the same time giving solution to social, legal, and changing technological problem that may arise.The success of any organization is determined by its people, their caliber and their attitude to succeed and out perform. Employees are the only resource, which is assailable of self-propulsion and value addition. Unlike any machinery that gets devalued or depreciated with time and age, the human resource i.e. people appreciates with age and experience. So they are very special but this fruitful only if people are developed and kept satisfied. It is unlikely that any improvement can be made in terms of pro duction, productivity, and type or customer service until people are well developed.

Quality Management Models Analysis: Philips

tone Managework forcet Models Analysis PhilipsIntroductionTechnology in new-made cadences has been one of the fastest growing industries, with its uphold to everywhereall life conditions to human organism. Improvement of the brisk automotives, disc all overy of new materials and features has leaded to introduction of opposite machines and electronics that is beingness widely used in daily al-Qaeda, and life would seem to be miserable without them. Turning back to centuries ago, one may ask how the predecessors pay off lived and learned without the smart technique, directly being part of our life. But one should not forget that it is human being who has created the luxury of having the technique being or so to serve the requirements and make the life of us easier.Project has been assigned to review the patronage Excellence sit down adopted by Philips Electronics, highlighting the role of the stave and guidance in achieving it, known as Business Excellence by means of S peed and Teamwork (BEST). The abovementioned matter will be reviewed in the prototypal paragraph, being followed by an analysis of BEST as complementary to shade littleon in the next one. I will shed light on the success of the vex and set up comparative application of the baffle to the case of bp geographic expedition (Caspian Sea) ltd., to discuss the possible outcomes in the third paragraph, followed by conclusion on the outcomes of analysis.Philips Electronics Review of Quality Management SystemBackgroundThe corporate slogan of Philips nowadays state we (Philips) aim to improve the quality of packs lives through the timely delivery of meaningful innovations delivered with the hope of sense and simplicity (Annual report, 2009). The slogan has been strong attr turningion of the apprise community bring home the bacon to its stakeholder as well as the edge itself keeping the control of time and delivery. The commitment of the troupe has been displayed in the philosophy of 4 DsDelight customers through exceeding their expectation by product and runDeliver great(p) results raising the quality of provided product and servicesDevelop people continuous learning and developmentDepend on each another(prenominal) work as One Philips (Annual report, 2009).Since 1891, the foundation period, Philips Electronics has developed from producer of political machinebon filament lamps into a worldwide comp whatever having line of products in three large sectors as Healthcargon, inflaming and Consumer Lifestyle (Philips, Global Web page). Over the eld company has enriched its capacity by 35,000 Registered trademarks, 56,000 design rights, 48,000 patent rights, 3 incubators, 7 research laboratories spread over Europe, North America and Asia, 127 Production sites, 100 countries with sales and service outlets (Annual report, 2009).Besides company has been active in life of communities through its Social sustainability programs devoted to reducing of energy co nsumption of products and facilities, greener products to protect the environment, support to dialog on climate sort and energy efficiency and healthc be at the communities (Annual report, 2009 Philips, Global web page). Overall, company has shown commitment in support of economic growth, environmental protection and social equity in the areas of operation.Established Quality SystemWe have already indicated the impact of the changing customer requirements and technology development on competitive environment, making organizations to adopt necessary steps and techniques to be able to fit into the real provide and be able to satisfy customers and gain bank line profit. One of the philosophies being adopted in organizations as an outcome of the new idea of management and interpretive principle and means for continuous improvement is Total Quality Management (TQM) (Chung et al., 2008, p.369). Knights and McCabe (1999, p.198) indicate the role of TQM in pulling continuous improvemen t throughout the organization being customer and process oriented, where Dean and Bowen (1994, cited in Knights and McCabe, 1999, p.198) enrich the description by highlighting three main principles of TQM, practices and techniques, police squadwork and customer focus.Philips Electronics, not being contrastive to most of the market players, also has been struggling for the comfortable place under the Sun to be able to earn profits from the huge business being carried out. During the decade of 1990s, Philips has gone trough reorganization of business, shaping the orientation, selling out some of the assets, as well as employee cut backs to strengthen its position in the markets (Oakland, 2003, p.456). Understanding the role of quality in the life of company and its stakeholders management has moved up with certification of ISO 9000 for process management and application of EFQM excellence manikin across the organization (Oakland, 2003, p.458).The model been worked out has been name d as BEST, standing for Business Excellence through Speed and Teamwork, summarizing the value and drive for continuous improvement through the alignment of goals and strategy, improvement of business processes by incremental steps and breakthroughs, achieving the excellence in performance though accelerated learning linked to the development of competence and noesis of employees from best practices both sexual and external, raising capabilities within teams and departments (Oakland, 2003, p.458).One may ask why stress has been put on speed and teamwork? The management in Philips Electronics had construct view on the impressiveness of timely implementation of the business processes, taking the non value adding waste off, reducing the cycle time and delivering business value, as well as the efficient teamwork, through sharing the best practices and knowledge, providing support to each other being the key in competitiveness over the rivals (Oakland, 2003, p.459).Hsu and Shen (2005 , p.358) indicate the important role of people in TQM as off by employee contri moreoverion and involvement, understanding of what and how in implementation of TQM initiative and feedback, individuals take the business on quality of their own work, hence maximizing the outcome and business excellence. People, employees of an organization present richesy resource with skills, knowledge and experience in veritable areas and organizations cannot force them to share the knowledge until favorable conditions, where each individual is willing to do so are created (Hsu and Shen, 2005, p.358). But when people are brought together and get together in the teams under relevant condition and environment for teamwork, then continuous improvement towards the set up goals is easier through sharing and proper communication among team members.The teamwork and team spirit is one of the core values that big companies, including Philips Electronics trying to achieve through knowledge management init iative, as different cultures, backgrounds, languages spoken are best eliminated in the joint healthy teams, where people have one common goal of achieving the targets put ahead.As can be seen the BEST model adopted in Philips Electronics covers all the areas of TQM implementation starting form stakeholder satisfaction, process and strategy alignment to performance audits and actions.2 Comparison BEST, Excellence Model and TQM some an(prenominal) researchers have concluded the existing quality systems should complement each other to induce the desired result for continuous improvement. The statement by Adebanjo (2001, p.40) as business excellence and quality can and need to complement each other to provide organizations with the operational and business success they aspire to and which is necessary for survival in todays market has been shared and subscribeed by many. The idea has been proved throughout of many witnesses as off Wade (2000, cited in Adebanjo, 2001, p.39) state Exc ellence model by EFQM has the same understructure principles as off TQM. Looking deep into the essence of the thought one may see the roots being similar, as off thrive for business excellence, quality of management, stakeholder satisfaction, competitiveness through better resource and process management, hence proving the point raised.Coming to the matter of BEST model adopted in Philips Electronics and its role in complementing the excellence model and quality system, I would resembling to draw attention to the main principles of BEST to verify the point.Ho (1999, p.87) states as part of TQM initiative organizations developing corporate culture where employees are treated as the most valuable asset, grouped in teams to commence wealth of knowledge and skills and that culture helps to achieve excellence. In BEST people are being accepted as source of knowledge and skills as well to bring wealth of experience and managing quality in each of the work being carried out. Oakland (20 05, p.1056) indicates that members of an organization should work together, as off cooperation among the employees is key for quality improvement.Attention to people / teamwork within the BEST model can be compared to enablers in the excellence model and internal stake holder in TQM, as off value being provided by those. Also another point could be the emphasis given to relevant tools to be able to monitor and control the processes, and performance, identifying the gaps and addressing those within applicable framework, within BEST model. As noted by Van Schalkwyk, (1998, p.124) the performance measurement system highlights the organisational commitment to the principles of TQM evaluating different aspects of stakeholder satisfaction, company responsiveness and process efficiency. Enforcement of four step cycle PDCA (plan, do, check, act) to review the strategic and operational development Balanced Business Scorecards (BBS) to monitor the result drivers and facilitate faster finis m aking Process survey tools (PST) allow teams to asses the business processes and implement improvements PBE assessment for paygrade against the EFQM excellence model to improve process enablers and results where headquarter audit is used for peer evaluation of business management team in achievement of excellence (Oakland, 2003, p.460-62).Considering the abovementioned facts, I would agree that BEST is complementary to the excellence model and TQM.3 bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd Business Excellence ModelBackgroundbp is worldwide oil and gas company operational in Exploration, Midstream and Downstream. In Caspian drainage basin it represented by bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd, operating in ACG and SD oil and gas subject areas as per Production Sharing Agreement signed back in 1994 (bp Caspian, web page).bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd has hierarchical organizational structure, with adopted quality system coordinating the collaboration. Operating Management System (OMS) is t he bible of quality system of the company, presenting the BP Way, with all the relevant ISO 9001, ISO 14000 standards and process descriptions. Above-mentioned standards provide both process and environmental safety management framework, and applicable tools and techniques been established to be able to asses the performance of the company against the standards.Coming to the matter of people management, company has got staff handbook and Code of Conduct summary of behavioural culture managing the relations, staff development and problem solution.Over the years of operating in the Caspian basin the company has established good relations with stakeholders, communities and government institutions. bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd, has been keen on the continuous improvement and has gained new narrows and project in the area.BEST and quality system ofBP Exploration ltdAs stated above bp as global oil and gas company has a history of operating 100 years dated back in 1909. Throughout t he period the company has established, reengineered and re structured its organization and quality standards as well to come up with existing model.In this paragraph, BEST model by Philips Electronics and quality system by bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd., will be compared to identify the advantages and disadvantages of its adoption within bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd. utter on advantages of the Adoption of BEST model I may indicate EFQM excellence model for self assessment, which bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) lack of. Process survey Tools being utilised in Philips at the team level are being used in the mid managerial level, causing more(prenominal) than bureaucracy to bring up the issues on to the desk. PBE assessment can be regarded as evaluation towards the BP Way of accepted standards to verify the deviations and put actions to correct.Other aspect being regarded as advantage can be the speed of decision making or process implementation, which sometimes takes longer in bp callable to natural bureaucracy and internal procedures to be followed. However, this option can also be regarded as disadvantage taking the industries the companies operate the effect of wrong decisions will be far more disastrous in exploration effort, which has been witnessed in recent Gulf of Mexico incident (BBC News).The advantages shown above from application of BEST model into the existing quality system of bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd, can also be accepted as complementing factor for business excellence, model for better results and success of a company, contributing to the thought by Adebanjo (2001, p.40).The knowledge management in bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd., can be accepted as more developed than in Philips Electronics. The reason behind is oil and gas field has more specifics requirements and knowledge databases to be shared across the players with lessons learned and peer review on each of the subject area. The knowledge management provided in the industr y covers all the players worldwide, which allows to capture and learn more and increases the quality of sharing. In this case the knowledge management suggested by BEST model can be call backed as disadvantage.The rest of the model aspects are almost generic or similar to the internal process and procedures employed in bp Exploration, as off scorecard practice session and data usage, benchmarking, auditing etc., so those have been dismissed from comparison.ConclusionIn the project we have reviewed two different quality models been adopted in Philips Electronics and bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd., set their contribution to the preposition stated by Adebanjo (2001, p.40) and compared those mutually for identification of advantages and disadvantages if adopted in oil and gas industry. Overall TQM is considered to be a framework for organizations, being customized by all the adopters to fit their specific purposes, having the key idea of customer satisfaction and continuous improv ement to be kept on top.How Are Laws Made In England And Wales?How Are Laws Made In England And Wales?Parliament of England and Wales is responsible for creation of integrity. Parliament has three parts House of Common, House of Lords and Monarch, who plays an essential role in law making process. Legislation or statutes passed by Parliament take the form of Acts of Parliament. Parliament can also delegate some power to ministers of crown, local authorities, public organizations, court rule committees, and the Privy Council (Mary Charman, Bobby Vanstone 2008).Bill first transferred to the House of Common then it will go to the House of Lords for implementation of changes if required. Before making it a law, it is necessary that both houses should agree on prime. The formal process of law creation is divided into six parts. First reading (Reading means bill first read out in parliamentary chamber) it is the introduction academic degree of bill into the parliament so that MP shoul d prepare for further discussion. Second reading, in this stage, parson in charge of the bill should explain the aim and objective of bill then he gives the answers to the MPs question regarding bill, if MP is satisfied with the bill then vote will be taken at the end. After sufficient approval bill can be forwarded to committee stage. In the deputation stage, bill can be explained in detail and examined by MPs standing committee, who can also add amendments to the bill. Next at stage four i.e. the Report stage, MPs can suggest amendments and then votes are taken for amendments. Third reading, it is the last stage where bill can be examine as a whole and then forwarded to the other house for amendments. In the final stage i.e. Royal assent, bill has completed itsparliamentary process and ready to cash in ones chips a law. In old times, it was necessary to get signed take to by Queen but nowadays Queen merely signs her general consent (Mary Charman, Bobby Vanstone 2008).A new la w should be clear and understandable, Statutory interpretation is the parliaments responsibility to make a new law clear and easy to understand (Chynoweth 2002). Thus parliament has developed rules to assist them. These rules help people to understand the laws. Primary rules for statutory interpretation can be categorise into three rules, first are Literal rule in this rule courts should interpret the meaning of statute so that people can understand what subject parliament want to convey. Second rule is Golden rule which means when law has changed according to the literal rule and it gives an absurd result it means justice should change it and make it more clearly to people. Third rule is Mischief rule this is the rule where court asked questions to the parliament about the law like what the intension of making this law, what mistake was held while explaining the law and what would be the solution for removing this error (Eskridge 1994).This is the last stage of whole law process . Case law is refers to the judicial decision of the court. When a case is published it is known as Law Report. Law reports comprise the statement of facts, legal arguments, judgment and judicial reasoning. Only a down in the mouth percentage of legally significant cases, usually from the superior courts, are ever reported. When case law is not published (unreported), it may be available as a transcript of the judgment, or as a newspaper article.Task TwoDefining ContractContract is an agreement,created by two or more than two parties having intention to create a legal relation, which has two elements offer and acceptance made by competent person who have the capacity to change considerations(MacMillan rock candy, 2012). In England and Wales, contract is a set of terms and conditions about the selling good for role model terms of sale, price, item of good, and the date of completion. When an agreement is completed and monies paid, any issue related the agreement between two parti es can be raised according to the contract law.Elements within the contract law are explained at a lower placeOfferA contract begins with an offer offer can be defined as the intension to sell something or being in contract with someone, who can accept or reject offer, on particular terms and (MacMillan Stone 2012). An offer is a proposal to sell or buy goods and services under specific terms and conditions. It is a necessary element of a contract. Offer has different forms like, television, newspaper, radio, fax, email etc. For drill, a shopkeeper is offering a watch worth 3,000 it means he want to sell that watch, it is an offer created by shopkeeper to people. People can accept that offer or negociate for the amount or reject.Negotiation process has its own elements like, statement of intention, invitation to treat and request for information. Statement of intention is the instance when a person intends to do something but it is not necessary that he will do.For example,when business people use them for proposals and college applicants use them for acceptance into a college. Request for an information means when one society requested to the other society for information, it was not an offer for example, when one party wanted to know that what would be the lowest price that he would accept, then party telegraphed to second party. Invitation to treat is an invitation to make an offer but not an offer. For example, when shopkeepers offers buy one get one free deal then it was invitation to treat. If people higgle the shop, they must give people two goods in the price of one.A counter offer is the offer where one party can reject captain offer and makes new terms and condition which can be accepted or not by second party (Gerald and Kathleen Hill n.d.). In other words when a person is not satisfied with original offer then he can create counter offer in which he placed new terms and conditions which can another person accept or reject. For example, a se ller is selling a vehicle. A buyer arrives and offers $10,000 for the car and to get a higher price, seller counteroffer, and asking for $11,000.Communication of offerAn offer must be communicated. If there is lack of communication, agreement cannot be through with(p) because a contract is an agreed bargain, and therefore, without knowledge ofoffer agreement cannot be done. For example,A and B are sitting together.An offers his scooter for 5,000 to B. reach the ears of B, the offer of A is complete.acceptanceAcceptance is the second important element of contract where one party accepts the offer and get into the contract with specific terms and conditions created by first party (MacMillan Stone 2012). In other words when a person accepted all terms and conditions of offer given by person who created an offer, then it may consider as acceptance. The act of accepting the terms of offeror is called Acceptance. For example, when shopkeeper offers a watch worth 3,000 and buyer accepts the offer and purchase that watch at 3,000 it is called acceptance. contextA consideration can be defined as the responsibility of both the parties participated in contract, one who created an offer or second who is going to accept that offer (MacMillan Stone 2012). For example, if one party offers a watch worth $3,000 and second party accepted that offer then first partys consideration is watch and second partys consideration is $3000.Task ThreeEqual PayEqual Pay Act 1970 is the act which is created due to the increasing secernment between men and women in respect to their pay, output and other incentives. After coming into force this act decreases the contrast between men and women. It has different scenarios-Like work, is the scenario where men and women both are working similar nature of work, but women getting low pay as compare to the men. For example a company employs male and female both for cleaning jobs and employer also gives some additional duties to man on occasional ly base of operations like in rainy season etc., then female has the right to claim for play off pay if employer offers higher pay to male.Equivalent work, means giving equal greatness to the jobs given to man and charr both. Employer cannot consider mans work more important than woman if both are performing similar jobs. For example Both man and woman is doing equal jobs in an organization but after job evaluation of both management gives 6 points to men and 4 points to woman. If woman found her job rated less than a man, then women have right to claim for equivalent work.Equal value of work means where womans skills and efforts valued less than mans skills. For example, an employer creates a job description about skills, and reserve for a specific job. But for the same skills and qualification woman considered less than man by employer. In this situation woman has the right to claim for equal value of work.This act gives right to everyone to get equal pay but it cannot apply for the same sex. Man cannot claim for equal pay as compare to other man. He can claim when his skills considered less as compare to woman or vice versa.ConclusionEqual pay act1970has a significant effect on the pay of women in UK. in that location are many changes that one can see in the states of women employees.This equal pay act has increased the overall image of women at workplaceafter eliminating all the divergences like lower pay unequal job evaluation etc.Task Four par Act 2010 equating Act 2010 is the combination of different discrimination acts like equal pay, race, disability and sex discrimination and equality on the basis of morality. After combining all these acts a new act is created named Equality Act 2010 (Britain 2010). This act protects the rights of equality of people who are of different sex, race and age. This act also provides facilities to people who are suffering from disability and of different religion or belief.This law came into force in 2010 thus it is new for everyone. Researcher want to convey all the necessary information regarding this law as it has importance for every person ( unseasoned, old, men, women, gay, lesbian, or bisexual) of England and Wales therefore researcher choose Equality Act 2010.Implications for employers and employeesEquality act of 2010 replaces all previous acts from last 30 years. This act has many implications on employers as well as employees. After coming into force this act has helped employees and ordered employers to add different equality policies into their organization. For example,Dual discrimination Dual discrimination means when a person is getting treated differentlyat workplace on the basis of two different features.This provision helps employees to avoid discrimination on the basis of dual characteristics, for example a black woman can claim for equality if she is discriminated on the basis of sex and race.Discrimination on the basis of disability Disable people, who can be treated un favorably at workplace, can claim for equality. Employer should use occupational health provider for these people. For example, employers now providing facility to those who are unable to walk or using wheelchair by installing a ramp.Equal pay or Sex discrimination Employer should provide equal pay to everyone (man or woman) who is doing similar jobs. For example, employer now motivating women employers as well by providing them equal pay for similar jobs.Discrimination on the basis of religion or belief Employers now providing different facility to different cultures employees for example, offering their traditional food, cloths, resident and allow them to follow their customs.Discrimination on the basis of age Now employers offering equal pay to different ages people for example, oil employee getting equal pay as compared to young employee.According to the news dated, May 23, 2014 in CIPD, an employee named Anderson who was working as the mayor of Liverpool was covered by discrimi nation law. In the Andersen V Chesterfield High School Case, in order to fulfill his public duties in local politics, Anderson extended his leave arrangements but when he became mayor his employer ended his leave arrangement and terminated his duties. because Anderson claimed that his dismissal constituteddirect discrimination because of his belief, which was a philosophical commitment to public service for the common good. The employment tribunal examined whole situation and found that dismissal was unfair, because Anderson was incomplete consulted before termination nor was he given the right to appeal This case reflects the application of Equality Act 2010 for the protection of employees (Javaid, 2014).ConclusionEquality act 2010 has helped many people in England and Wales who sometimes feel discriminated against within the organization. This act included all the provisions of previous acts like act for discrimination on the basis of age, sex, disability, race, and region or be lief. Employers after the introduction of Act have introduced policies to decrease discrimination in their organization. The policies are aimed at offering equal pay to those who are performing same job, providing facilities to disable employees, hiring employees from different religion or belief. This act makes UK fair and equal for all people.ReferencesBritain, G., 2010. Equality Act 2010, Part 15, Stationery Office. visible(prenominal) at http//books.google.com/books?id=5yMQHVRN-loCpgis=1 Accessed May 29, 2014.Chynoweth, P., 2002. Statutory Interpretation. Matthew Adshead, p.1 to 10. Available at http//www.lawlectures.co.uk/law1/Documents-Law1/Statutory-Interpretation(Study-Paper).pdf Accessed May 23, 2014.Eskridge, W.N., 1994. Dynamic Statutory Interpretation, Harvard University Press. Available at http//books.google.com/books?id=Rl2BWejLa_ECpgis=1 Accessed May 29, 2014.Gerald and Kathleen Hill, Legal lexicon Law.com. Law.com. Available at http//dictionary.law.com/Default.asp x?selected=376 Accessed May 26, 2014.MacMillan, C. Stone, R., 2012. Elements of the law of contract. Stewart House, p.1 to 245. Available at http//www.londoninternational.ac.uk/sites/default/files/programme_resources/laws/ug_subject_guides/elements_law_contract-subjectguide4chapters.pdf Accessed May 23, 2014.Makbool Javaid, 2014. Belief in public service protected by Equality Act. Available at http//www.cipd.co.uk/pm/peoplemanagement/b/weblog/archive/2014/05/23/belief-in-public-service-protected-by-equality-act.aspx Accessed May 29, 2014.Mary Charman, Bobby Vanstone, L.S., 2008. The British constitution, law reform and the parliamentary legislative process. In As law. p. 1 to 106. Available at books.google.co.in/books?isbn=184392417X Accessed May 23, 2014.

Role And Importance Of Strategic Planning

Role And Importance Of strategic PlanningIntroductionStrategic proviso has been previously utilise for the tangible products rather than being functiond for services like the hospitability or the tourerry attention which has just recently g maven through a massive change.. Previously strategic management was not applied to the sector as it was only restricted to the product industry whereas with away delay the new dynamics go changed the workings and now strategic management has become a part of this service industry as surface and not only that further now it is alos used extensively in the service sector.Having said that , static the strategic management literature found regarding the hospitability and the tourism industry is genuinely restricted as rattling less work has been done in this regard. The industry is still in its infancy so the limited relevant literature is an of the essence(predicate) issue. (Gilbert and Kapur,1990)It go forth be noticed that marketin g plays a rattling evident role in the process of strategic management because any the material found on the subject matter is referring to marketing while defining the business strategic business proposening. This essay will attempt to define dodge and strategic planning using a case study of Disneyland Florida in relation to tourism to make a critical assessment.This will be done by use of the internet, journals, books, and an attempt to speak to someone at county hall and the London Development Agency. The limitations for the study includes time constraints,, lack of literature that is accessible and constraint computer facilities.Strategic planning theoryStrategic planning is considered as the vital function in the tourism and hospitability industry because it enables the firm to stay aw atomic number 18 of the latest trends of the industry along with keeping the customers satisfied. This also gives a competitive advantage to the company over its competitors and helps it to work smoothly in the competitive and fast paced industy .It is a very powerful marketing tool which is used to identify the customer, the customers needs and wants to provide for those needs and wants.Strategic planning is the process wherby abn organisation evvaluaates itself in order to lay out its intended destination and formulates guidelines or ideas on how best to achieve it.O Connor has delimit it as an incorporated process where th success is based on the longer success mangagement of an organization. (OConner,2000)Francis neverthelesstle has defined it as a plan of action which is used to achieve the objectives. (Hotel and Food Service Marketing, 1993).Further to elaborate the process has been set forth as a methodology where a fit is principal(prenominal)tained beteeen the organizations abilities , resources and the transforming oppportunites in the market. (Kotler, Bowen, Makens,2003)Buttle has variantiated between the tactics and the policies where the policy has b een defined as lasting conditions which be imjposed upon deceision making while a system is refered to as rather a tensile thing where the practices are change according to the situations.Thus a strategy is an evolving process which keeps on ever-changing . Hall has identified the procrss as very integral because it allows enough t to each oneings in the tourism while the unequal preparation and exploitation activities with reference to tourism are connected to an entire wide tourism plan to provide an entire frame for tourism.The strategic plans are considered as a long term goal which identifies chief means due to which the achieving goals has specified the burning(prenominal) resource allocation to turn up at the guidances. It has been considered as flexible and constantly evolving phenomena.In 2005 Mc Gee has called at a transforming phenomenon which should be changed according to the ecxternal environment. Hospitality and tourism industry, countries, hotels and tour ope rations are always competing with each o at that place. Give the ficklenesss of consumers and the speed with which they are willing to move to separate providers, it is imperative that organisations formulate strategies that would keep their target markets interested and attract new customers.Kotler in 2003 has defined the term as a process where a fit is made beteen the organization and the resource in the presence of th transforming marketing opportuniteies. Thus, when formulating a strategy, an organisationss employees are crucially important in the executing of these strategies. A successful outcome is wholly dependant on how consumers perceive tha organisation through the representation by its employees and that is the most important reason why the wworkforce is considered and an integral asset for a company.Importance of strategic planningIt is requird to formulate current goal with a unload plan in the mind. The planning is important because it includes the feedback from al l the stakeholders. Hereas when one fails to plamn the tourism trip them he whitethorn go through various sever problems or negative situations at the destinations, and so, the planning of tourism is considered as a very integral mount for the policy maker who are planning tourism culture. (Hall,2008)By planning the tourism ripening the things in the process could be made relatively easy. The actors in the presence of a plan may respond in someer spans of time which may be beneficial for the policy ,makers and the tourism development as well and along with it, it would also provide a channel to the planning process.Destinations in general function in an extremely aggressive situation where customers have a broad variety to choose from and which are very often comparable within a district or country . The confront destinations have been forced to face is to the development of something which is an exclusive thing or a physical situation, or a culture, or perhaps a set of produc ts that has the ability to not only satisfy one time visitors but repeated ones also. (ESCAP2010)3. Tourism planning approaches3.1. incremental growth approachIncremental growth refers to making sure that transformation can be done as the development processes opens up. In tourism this would be interpreted as that if formerly a plan has been made and the recommendations are also done, then the development alternatives are chosen prudently and is then implemented steadily and observed frequently until the objectives would have been met (Getz 1986). Even when the objectives are met, the incremental approach suggests a constant rating and check to make sure that the development supports cultural integrity and ecological integrity. Generally the theory which is applied at its best to the planning that generally takes sit at different destinations and various levels that are site -specific. ( Tomothy and Tosun 2003).The approach is significant because of its flexibility and the fact t hat it enables high levels of predictability. (Getz, 1986). The process which is incremental development enables flexibility and encourages faculty as it gives space for adjustments and changes in the process of development in the cases where various situations exist which have not been seen previously and may hamper the development of tourism.The climax o the incremental development has been contributed by the dissatisfaction of the conventional control which usually has focussed on quick development and partial flexibility. Previously a haul of stress is made on preparing the plan as the final prodfuct of a planning effort. Thus the approach manages to maintain that the planning process is constantly changing and is a continuous process, which should be adaptable keeping in mind the way of meeting the objectives of development. (Inskeep,1991).In 1992 Timothy suggested at quite a few places that in todays world quite a few clear examples of incremental tourism can be found becau se this newly developed concept has not been tried and tested more. Thus there are various examples of this around the world as well where long term strategic planning is doen in the manner that scatters physical and various othere forms of development initiatives into different development periods which may vary from 5 or 10 or 20 years. In 1991 it was suggested by Inskeep that the todays modern tourism plans have adopeted the approach as a way which would enable it to check the progress and assure the viability of development programs.It is important to note that when smell and evaluating tourism, incremental plans make things slightly complicated. Since, there are so many variations in the trends, the tourism industry is affected them by them increasingly. Consequently, it is important to ensure that plans for development are made keeping these things int consideration. consort to Timothy and Touson (2003) there needs to be an incremental plan hich may be introduced. This incr emental plan is all about a careful preparation of toruism based plans and it looks at the future potentials of the touism industry and also allows for a certain deal of flexibility coming along. This way even the future goals and aims can be looked upon judged and evaluated.3.2 community approachIn relation to this perspective, Murphy (1985) argues and favours the community form of tourism as being to a hugeer extent sustainable in contrast to conventional mass tourism. The one reason why this happens to be the case is because it allows for a greater ease and flexibility to the topical anaesthetics as compared to the traditional ways when strong leaders made most of the decisions regarding tourism. Also there must be a great deal of consideration to the topical anesthetic ecology before any means to allow an increasing amount of tourism are introduced.According to cooper and hall (2008) the community based tourism approach has emerged during the 1970s and particularly has thoug ht about by tourism secondly the main factors. Firstly, there needs to be a consideration of the honest and social along with the economic negative externalities brought about by tourism . Next ,, It should also be noticed that if a tourism decision has to be made successful and effective, there needs to be a greater involvement of the local community in the decision making process.Murphy (1985) points out htat the fact the local needs are looked upon to is an important phenomenon in tourism industry today. Take the instance of st Lucia and the street party nearby the fishing settlement of Anse La Raye. The place was particularly famous for the local fish fry project which involved the selling of the local sea food in the traditional way. The particular street was held out and its local touch manintained out against the increasing traffic and the great inflos of tourists from across the world (Competing with the Best).Despite the many advantages that this approach has with it shou ld be remembered that implementing such an approach has two main problems. Firstly, the approach is very time consuming and expensive to be implemented. This is because no clear decision can be made as to who decides how tourism plans should be made and finally who has the final verdict. Also since, its means of developing tourism may not be of a direct benefit to the countrys economy, the government may also be reluctant to encourage it.In other words it may be said that he community approach to tourism focuses mainly on the development of the community rather than on the development of the individuals who make up the community. Thus the community in itself tends to be more important than the locals (hall 2008). The approach makes and gives a greater authority to the local stake holders than otherwise.3.3 collaborative approachWith respect to the community based approach , hall states that collaboration of flock in this case tends to be highly important.There should be a construc tive use of the many opinions and a marijuana cigarette decision should be reachedGray (1989) states that a stake holder looks upon to analyse if the current circumstances help to serve his interest or not and that if there would be any collaboration that could be reached upon the various stake holders before reaching a proper decision about what to do.When there is a phrase deciosion which needs to be reached upon by everyone in general. It is important to note that the power does not rest within one individual but with all the people in total (wood and gray 1991). Thus , gray (1988) suggests that it is important for the stake holders to be responsible or eligible for the tasks that are to be carried put if the right field type of a decision needs to be made. Also the stakeholders may not have an access to most resources which is also an important issue which may be needed to be taken into consideration.Coordination has become one of the pre requisite for the planning and policy making of tourism. The term refers to the relating issues and decisions which enable them to match with one some other and operate in a consistent manner.Coordination for tourism takes place in 2 manners which is horizontally, an example of which would be between the gobernment agencies which would be answerable for different tourism- related actions at the similar level of governance which includes the national parks, tourism and transportation while vertically the example would be that among diverse levels of government (like local, regional and provincial with in an secretarial and procedure systems (hall, 1999). In order to attain complete tourism development, collaboration between planning sectors at all levels is very important.4. practice of strategicA business can have the best ideas and plans, however if the human resoures is not able to understand and carry forward the instructions, thus it may take the organization towards the failure.Therefore it is necessary that an o rganisation conduct a SWOT outline before formulating a strategic plan. Internal analysis of the organization which includes the strengths and weaknesses and the external environment for the opportunities and threats, the organisation would better understand how best to proceed with its strategic planning.The strategic process of planning includes the indemnification of an organizations , vision, and the environmental examine and strategy formulation and strategy implementation. (www.quickmba.com). Carrying out a PEST analysis is also beneficial to the strategic planning process. It has been considered that the economic stability is very important for the financial safety. Sociyt and the culture of the operational area should be taken into consideration when planning and technological advancement would keep the organisation abreast and ahead of spheric developments.5. Disneyland Paris in Europe (community approach)Disneyland Paris in Europe is practical example of community app roach.Tokyos success made it clear to the management that the Europe honey oil would be a trustworthy idea. Dissatisfied with the Tokyo deal, the Europe Park was managed in a very different manner. Disney has now managed to negotiate a bigger stake in the park, nearby hotels and restaurant amenities. This huge opportunity got with itself immense risks as well . in april 1992, Euro Disney welcomed the European visitors.Euro Disney is located 40 km from the aboriginal Paris and as planned it has managed to be the most lavish and the biggest theme park that had to be built till now. (bigger than Anaheim, Orlandos or Tokyos parks). It was also projected to be a sure-fire money maker for its parent Disney. Neverthelesss, to the managements surprise the natives failed to take goofy over Mickey .The company struggled to get the consumers or huge sales, in the early years it had to ace a decline of over 10% . By summer 1994 Euro Disney had lost some $900 million, and up to today., Disney land Resort Paris is still not profitable. Disney Group thought that they get success in Tokyo with Disneyland Tokyo now they had better idea and plan for other cultures to adopt the American Disney concept. Because of this they charged highly than others. When the Disneyland Paris was opened, in a limited time it gave shock to the Disney group that the plans failed to achieve their expectation. Due to this Disneyland paris faced a great loss in beginning and the condition start worse.As a result, it was thought seriously by the management to shut down the park. In such a situation the Saudi al-wahid bin abdul-aziz al-saud provided the essential cash injection ($500 million) which became the life support for the management as it enabled the organization for the reorganization and the financial stability for temporary basis. This helped the park a lot and it managed to get back the foot fall of the consumers. The immense profit that the company has gained has encouraged it to expand with other Disney Studio and a retail and office compound in Paris.5.1 Reason of Disneyland Paris Failure at the beginningThe reason of disneland paris failure at the beginning, Disney failed to approach public and public involvement. Due to cultural difference. This was the main reason of Disney failure and they experienced huge loss. The concept of disneland paris is similar to Tokyo and coupled states.The concept of Euro Disney consider and known as American. The French people are very sensitive about their history, language and custom. They protect their culture and language against English. The environment of Disneyland Paris was totally based on American style and culture.Disneyland Paris planning analysisAnalysis of the Disneyland planning shows that the concept of the Disneyland paris is very unique. The Disneyland leaf blade is very famous in Europe. The Disneyland Groupe is well known in all over the world. The idea and plan of Disneyland is successful in California, or land and Tokyo. The location they chosen is good and target the all big markets such as united kingdom, germany, france, etc. The transudation of strategy is good. From theory strategic planning to reality the implementation of plan in action is well introduced. There is nothing wrong with structure and crook. Walt Disney company had built the bigger and most lavish theme park than other parks. The project is perfect but failed to work as Disney management whished.6. resultFrom above mentioned data it shows that the strategy planning not always goes right and gets success. Its important to achieve the task we should all analyse all other aspects, because strategy planning is not sufficient for success. The other aspects that are related to strategy should be studying well weather it is related to loacation , finance, marketing, socially, economically, public approach and pubic involvement, advantages and disadvantages of strategy, profits and loss, a complete analysis of strategy is essential before exudation and implementation of strategic plan. Because the strategic out come depend on this . the result we get helps us to make a conclusion about how much the rate of success we achieve from this strategy. At the beginning Disneyland paris was not successful but after changing the strategy and again strat with new strategy process. In 1995 disneyland paris starts work well and European theme park become successful. The number of visitors is increasing day by day to visit Disneyland Paris.7. island of timor-leste (incremental approach)The island of Timor-Leste (Tourism development strategies for Timor Leste is a classic example to show how tourism development can be allowed by using the incremental approach. The place is located near Indonesia and has emerged as a new country for tourism development. The tourist attractions in this country are magnificent landscapes along with ancient cultures as well as an pleasant and distinct history. However , the islan d lacks infrastructure facilities in amplification to an adequate level o financial investments and funding. Moreover, there is a need for a popular legalisation and the documentation of the various historical sites. There also needs to be a careful ensuring of the fact that the cultural buildings and monuments are properly secured (tourism development strategies for Timor-Leste)According to the Timorese the incremental approach is the best policy to allow for a strong and sustainable tourism development because it considers community participation in addition to sustainability. The islanders believe that there are no hard and fast rules to provide a great deal of facilities to the tourists coming in. (tourism development strategies for timor-leste) the island tourists are against the hasty construction of buildings and thus aim to avoid them. However , they care for the sustainability of their environment which is and important timbre for the future because this timor lestor appr oach to develop tourism allows the maximum benefit of the local community.RecommendationThus it can be assured that the Timor Lester approach allows for the maximum benefit of the local population and is therefore important for future developments as well since it focuses on step by step building of facilities and infrastructure which would be beneficial for everyone that is , the tourism industry, the tourists and also the economy of the country.ConclusionI have chosen examples of two different approaches of strategic planning related to tourism one is community approach and other is incremental growth approach. Disneyland Paris study analysis represents community based approach. Though the concept of Disney was good but initially they faced problems. In initially the Disneyland Paris strategic approach was not completely community based approach. Disney is copied same strategy of Tokyo and U.S. They failed to get people attraction. Disneyland management didnt recognize the cultura l and custom difference between America and Europe. That was the main reason Disneyland Paris failure at the beginning and experienced a great loss. The condition become worse Disneyland Paris failed to work as owners want. But later they start with new strategy that was completely based on community approach. Disneyland Paris starts work well and they succeeded in getting public interest. In incremental growth approach when planning stage is begin and after the preparation of the plan the options are chosen very carefully. Exudates step by step and monitored continuously until the task have been achieved. I believe that there are enormous advantage to this approach because tourism is multifaceted industry. In tourism the choices of tourist change rapidly. Island of Timor-leste near Indonesia has a unique magnificent landscapes, ancient culture and textured history. Its new for tourism development. The Island lack many facilities such as weewee supply, accommodation, roads and elec tricity, it is also lack of finance . according to In Trimorese opinion incremental approach is the best because there are few programme for development those focuses on keeping natural environment. Incremental approach initiates a plan and use local support. Different locations have different criteria its not necessary that if one strategy is successful in elsewhere and when same strategy transfer in somewhere else it will get same response.

Comparison of Snakecharmer and In the Snake Park :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparison of Snakecharmer and In the Snake Park There are many methods available for poets to utilize in creating a desired effect. They may pack a number of different approaches to enhance an aspect of their poetry. Both Snakecharmer, by Sylvia Plath and In the Snake Park, by William Plomer show how the poets take advantage of different techniques to bedeck the instauration of the snake, and draw us into it. Plath using diction and Plomer using imagery, both describe the snake in order to establish a mood for their poems. They and then proceed to show the relationships between man and the snake. Plomer applies characterization to achieve this effect, while Plath utilisations symbolism to do so in a more subtle manner. Plaths use of diction to emphasize the movement of the snake produces a mood of anxiety by suggesting that something evil is stirring. Alliteration is used to make the sentences flow in the work of a serpent. This effect is achieved by weaving the wo rds together fluidly. It is especially effective when the snakecharmer pipes water green until green waters waver. The sways, coilings and writhings which occur during the formation of his world create a feeling of restlessness. An image is conjured of a twisted mound of snakes that throbs and churns on a wave of green putrid water. At the beginning of the poem, the piper begins a snaky sphere with moon-eye, mouth-pipe. This is repeated at the end when he puts up his pipe, and lids his moony eye. The poem is given a sense of closure. It reels as though a cycle has been completed. This makes the poem swell and flow to mimic the action of the snakes. Plomer uses imagery to describe the snakes in his poem. This imagery shows a process of change in the snakes as they encounter humans. In the beginning of the poem lethargy lies here and there in coils. This portrays the snakes as languid, peaceful creatures. They are sleeping in the white-hot midday sun. However, the Ringsnake is then said to be gushy slowly through an opening like smoke. Using smoke as a simile is effective in changing the tone of the poem. Smoke moves very ominously, and the snakes are now waking from their peaceful sleep and emerging. Toward the end of the poem, the tone changes again.

What do you learn about the First World War from your reading of :: English Literature

What do you learn about the First World War from your reading ofWilfred Owens poetry?From Wilfred Owens metrical compositions you can learn so many different things. Hewas one of a group of soldiers, he wrote about the war as heexperienced it. So all of his poems atomic number 18 primary evidence because thepoems were wrote by him when the war was going on.We can prove that Wilfred Owen was in the War by using a quote from apoem he wrote. The poem is titled Dulce et Decorum Est. In the poemhe gives his opinion on war. He saysDulce et decorum est Pro Partria moriThis means it is good and beautiful to die for your country. He wroteit in Latin, the rest of the poem is english. By using Latin I thinkit creates a distinguished impact on the reader. It draws their upkeep to it. Honestly, Wilfred Owen does not believe it actuallyis good to die for your country. He is being critical.The opposition to this view of war would be a poet named Jessie Pope.Wilfred Owens and Jessie popes poetry i s very different, JessiePopes is normally more of a poem to recruit soldiers and get the pointacross that if you fight for your country war is good. Wilfred Owenspoems are far more descriptive and approach to the senses, giving us aninsight on life in world war one.In the poem The Sentry he appeals to the senses by describing theweather as water system falls of slime and describing the smellStank old and sour.We can learn from this poem that physical conditions in the war wereawful.There would be high danger of anxious(p) and injuring yourself becausebullets were being shot everywhere and gas attacks were occuringfrequently.Gas Gas Quick, boys(From Dulce et Decorum Est)We learn how the gas attacks effect the soldiers in the poem Dulce etDecorum Est there is a section in the poem where Wilfred describes agas attack.Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light, A under a greensea I saw him drowning.The misty panes were Wilfreds eyes they were misted because of thegas in the ai r. He describes the colour of the gas as green and theamount of it as a sea so it spreads quite a distance and widths asseas are generally known for being large. Green is known as the colourof envy and maybe the gas is representing the opposisitions jealouslytowards the opposite that they are winning.In this poem Wilfred describes what the soldiers are like in their

Rocky Marciano :: essays research papers

On Sept. 1, 1923 Mr. and Mrs. Pierino Marchegiano of Brockton, MA became the proud parents of a lively twelve pound child boy. The child was named Rocco Marchegiano, but the world would one day know him as the legendary boxer Rocky Marciano. When "bambino Rocco" was 18 months of age, he contracted pneumonia. Although the transmittal nearly killed him, his exception on the wholey strong constitution enabled him to survive without impairment. As a pre-teenager, Rocky relished his mothers Italian cooking so much he bordered on being stocky. This was underscored by his relatively short but muscular arms and legs. However, even at this young age, his overall bearing suggested exceptional physical strength.throughout his teenage years, Rocky took great advantage of living across the street from the James Edgar Playground, where he especially enjoyed playing baseball. It was during this period that he began the habit of use to his limit." after spending countless hours hittin g and chasing after baseballs, he would often go home and do chinups and lift homemade weights until he was totally fatigued." After supper, "Rocky and his pals often spent hours pummelling a stuffed mail sack that hung from an oak tree in the Marchegianos back yard....In hot weather, they usually finished their workouts by rush over to Saxtons Spring to get a cold drink of water." Unfortunately, Rockys experience of growing up in a multi-ethnic, working-class setting contributed to his involvement in a number of "altercations." Although most were territorial battles that took place at James Edgar Field, some occurred well beyond.... Even prior to his teenage years, Rockys reputation for being a "really tough Italian kid" extended all the way over to the Bush, Brocktons Irish section. However, by the time he was 14, Rockys notoriety as a baseball slugger began to overtake his reputation as a slugger with his fists. The legend of his athletic prowess began at age 15 when, as cleanup position batter on the local American Legion team, he blasted a towering home run over the left field smother at James Edgar Playground. It landed on the front porch of a slightly irate neighbor. At age 15, Rocky entered Brockton High School - an institution with a nationally prestigious football tradition. Error Bookmark not defined. Rockys favorite subjects were Italian and Manual Training. And, except for a rather erratic scholastic record, all went reasonably well for him - at first.

Sophocles Ajax - The Destruction of a Greek Hero Essay -- Sophocles A

Sophocles Ajax - The Destruction of a Greek Hero Sophocles Ajax, written around 440 B.C., deals with the conclusion of the Greek hero Ajax, who is sometimes considered the greatest warrior of the Trojan War, second only to Achilles. Ajax, driven insane by the goddess Athena, slaughtered the Greek herds of cattle, thinking that they were Greeks, to avenge them for rewarding the armour of Achilles to Odysseus instead of him. Only after coming to his senses, he realized that he was disgraced and he committed suicide. The play moves on, however, to deal with his burial, in which Teucer, Ajaxs half-brother, and Odysseus argue with devil supreme kings, Agamemnon and Menelaus, that Ajax has the right to burial. Throughout the play until his death, Ajax is the central character, undergoing a grim change from a proud, insane lunatic to a sane, shamed man, whose only accept for honor is suicide. Opening the play, Ajax himself was a powerful figure, towering over t he others, but limited and essentially selfish (xii). His madness brought on by Athena had leave him utterly helpless, although he falsely believed that Athena had assisted him in slaughtering the Greeks. The mightiest of warriors, even Odysseus commented that he had seen no one who was equal in prowess, power, and bravery to that which Ajax had displayed. However, his eyes darken with deadly delusions, he was at the hands of the gods, although he was so arrogant that he didnt even realize it. He did not know that, as Odysseus states, he was a puppet in their hands I pity him, brought down to this, Caught in the grip of such a grievous fate-- ................ ...ur father was (17). But in his words to the gods as he was dying, it was obvious that he had undergone a metamorphosis from the beginning of the play, in which he was excessively proud, forgetting that he could be controlled by fate, to his death, w here he succumbed to the gods, fully knowing that fate rested in their hands. In conclusion, Ajax, I believe, was a noble character, although he did have a tragic flaw, his arrogance. Of course, everyone has a plastered arrogance in some manner of life. Ajax, however, chose to display it, but he accepted the consequences of his actions nobly. He chose to end his life in what he believed was the honorable method, and to the end, he carried himself as a hero would have during his time.Works CitedSophocles. Four Plays by Sophocles. Trans. Thomas H. Banks. New York Oxford University Press, 1966.