Functional Behavior Assessment and Behavior Support Plan Essay

Practical Behavior Assessment and Behavior Support Plan - Essay Example 87). The FBA in this manner gives far reaching data required in an educator’s planning of a Behavior Support Plan (BSP), or a game plan that unmistakably specifies conduct objectives and systems that limit the appearance of issue conduct and augment the accomplishment of recognized substitution conduct. The significance of FBA is showed as far as giving the hypothetical system to the structure of techniques that would fuse exact evaluations and intercessions for the recognized issue conduct. Similarly, the FBA gives auxiliary rules on the procedures of understaning issue conduct; it urges teachers to move viewpoints in survey issue practices as ecological factors and could along these lines center around the factors that were esteemed contributory to these conduct; and the procedure turns into an approving verification towards the arrangement of social intercessions in the instructive setting. The segments of FBA were counted as a three stage process, indeed: (1) through an ev aluation of the youngster where data is assembled through meeting, an ideal objective conduct is identfied; (2) through perception of the child’s conduct, experts decides the elements that contribute or trigger the beginning of the difficult conduct and to recognize potential outcomes that lead to the child’s kept displaying of the conduct; lastly, (3) professionals distinguish the capacity that the conduct serves and the particular factors that trigger and strengthen the showed conduct (Weber, Killu, Derby, and Barretto, 2005). Circumstance Requiring a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) and Behavior Support Plan (BSP) 1. Portrayal of Problem Behaviors: A 10-year old understudy, Lucy Chu, saw that she has not been showing passing marks in English. At the point when English class comes, she comes up with it a point to rationalization herself utilizing various reasons, for example, setting off to the wash room; expecting to go to the facility; not have rested soundly t he earlier night and in this way feels incredibly tired. Thus, the more that her scholarly presentation falls worse than average and her regular reasons makes her miss the greater part of the necessary modules. 2. ID of Events, Times, and Situations that Predict the Occurrence and Nonoccurrence of the conduct: During English class, Lucy Chu, would discreetly sit on her seat and tune in to the exercises and guidelines that would be talked about during the subject. At the point when the educator illuminates the class that there is a requirement for understudies to verbally transfer their encounters, read out their composed expositions, or take an interest in a class conversation, Lucy would move toward the instructor to express that she should be pardoned from the class because of various reasons, recognized previously. Contingent upon the rest of the time span for the subject, she would make sure that she boosts her break from the study hall and just to come back to class not long be fore the following subject. In different class subject that doesn't require talking before the class in English, the conduct isn't showed. 3. Distinguishing proof of Antecedents, Consequences, and Reinforcers that Maintain the Behavior: A FBA would decide the elements that lead to Lucy’s conduct. Predecessors would be the affecting variables or occasions in the condition that prodded the difficult conduct. The English educator, in this circumstance, could lead the FBA to decide

Learning theory free essay sample

Recognize own learning style(s) and the learning style(s) of another individual from the group There are four principle Learning Styles; Activists, Reflectors, Theorists and Pragmatists. To portray them quickly, activists are energetic about anything new and consider the outcomes a while later. They are continually searching for new encounters and get exhausted with the long haul, trying to focus exercises on themselves. Reflectors take a gander at things from an alternate point of view, tuning in and thinking about the perspectives on others. Scholars consider things in a coherent manner and like to break down everything until it fits into a reasonable clarification. Realists like evaluating new plans to check whether they work by and by, they are down to earth individuals who like to get the opportunity to work and give things a shot at the primary chance. Utilizing a learning styles survey (appended) and pondering the models depicted above, I would recognize my own learning style as a Reflector. We will compose a custom article test on Learning hypothesis or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This is on the grounds that I like to accumulate information, audit past encounters and consider things completely before making any ends. I can be mindful and like to accumulate numerous people’s suppositions before at long last settling on my own. I like to learn in gatherings instead of hop straight in and would like to stay under the radar. Thinking about another colleague, would portray a certain individual’s learning style as that of an Activists. This individual likes to hop directly in and are inundated in the present time and place. They are receptive which implies that are up for any new encounters they are presented to. They once in a while take a gander at the long haul, and hop starting with one new experience then onto the next. This individual like to include himself with others while continually guaranteeing that their advantages are at the focal point of all that they do. 1. 2 Use a basic method for recognizing own advancement needs and the improvement needs of another individual from the group To distinguish my own advancement needs, I have chosen to finish a SWOT examination: Strengths †¢Ten years experience on OMC †¢Seven years experience covering for current organizer †¢Safeguarding point of convergence on OMC †¢Good notoriety prompted advancement in 2009 †¢Committed and ready to do extra †¢Get on with all other in group †¢Communicate well with colleagues and the executives Shortcomings †¢Behind on AE preparing †¢Need to be progressively noticeable in gatherings †¢Not created/advanced as much as could be expected under the circumstances/ought to have done since advancement in 2009 †¢Fear of open talking, making introduction and so on Opportunities †¢Coordination positions accessible later on †¢Training to be an AE will permit more open doors †¢ILM preparing useful for future Threats †¢Colleagues getting themselves in position to challenge for prospective open doors †¢Following occupied shutdown period I believed I was exhausted †this has lead to negative emotions towards assuming on comparative liability later on Because of playing out this examination, I believe I could concentrate more on my qualities †the experience and notoriety I have on OMC. Taking a gander at shortcomings, it’s clear to see I have to proceed with improvement as an AE with making up for lost time with preparing. I additionally need to concentrate on attempting to be progressively certain introducing †there might be an introducing aptitudes course I can join in. Concerning, I have to guarantee I’m in the preferred situation over my associates should any position emerge. The accompanying SWOT examination was finished to recognize the requirements of another colleague: Strengths †¢Committed individual from OMC PC group †¢Good down to earth abilities †¢Excellent cooperative person Weaknesses †¢Cannot use PC framework †¢Reluctant to assume on greater liability †¢Does not continue ahead with everybody in the group Opportunities †¢Potential to be moved up to gather 2 professional †¢Chance to facilitate up and coming shutdown Threats †¢Colleagues to challenge for bunch 2 specialist position †¢Not continuing ahead with different effects contrarily on work After exploring this investigation and specifically the shortcomings, this colleague could go to an instructional class to have the option to utilize the PC framework effectively. As distinguished in the open doors segment, there is a possibility to be moved up to a gathering 2 professional. For this to occur, the colleague needs to create in to an individual who shows signs of improvement with all colleagues so this doesn’t demonstration adversely on his work †as recognized in the shortcomings/dangers. 1. 3 Identify potential boundaries to realizing There can be numerous hindrances to learning in the working environment, one of which is conceivably stalling out stuck. On the off chance that the work you do isn't intellectually invigorating or testing, you may not keep on enhancing the activity. On the off chance that the way of life of the work environment is one which isn’t ready to acknowledge change, this can affect on representatives developing and learning. On the off chance that you accept your administrators arent keen on hearing what you need to state, wont tune in to concerns you have and dont welcome your inquiries, you wont continue learning and improving. Compelling adapting frequently relies upon viable educating, however not all educators are similarly talented or willing. Numerous working environment aptitudes are best gained from a specialist, and specialists are not in every case promptly accessible. Some colleagues who do have real ability are not ready to share it transparently, or they might not have the vital instructing aptitudes to be compelling. They might be worried that in the event that they show associates the subtle strategies his own an incentive in the organization will decay. Another hindrance can be absence of Corporate Commitment to Training. A companys initiative directs the perspectives that exist about progressing preparing and training in the working environment. In the event that the authority doesnt esteem training and new thoughts, the obstruction to working environment learning is self-evident. At long last, Conflicting Priorities can be probably the greatest hindrance. These clashing needs power preparing to assume a lower priority in relation to different needs, for example, every day creation. Except if organization administration focuses on preparing, organization tasks consistently overshadow an increasingly proactive way to deal with business the executives which incorporates progressing preparing. In the event that an organization is continually working in an emergency the executives mode, responding to issues as opposed to foreseeing them, discovering time for preparing will be hard. 1. 4 Explain how hindrances to learning can be defeated Being ‘stuck in a rut’: This obstruction can be overwhelmed by the organization acquainting assortment in with work jobs. The organization needs to tune in to what workers are stating and be eager to give them the most ideal possibility of learning and creating themselves. From the representatives perspective, they have to make their sentiments known, on the off chance that they are energetic to creating and learning the organization will be bound to tune in. Not having enough talented educators: For conditions when the instructor is a gifted associate who is reluctant to pass on information, ccompanies can beat these issues by remunerating representatives who guide others and guaranteeing that there are sufficient materials available to encourage learning. They could likewise flexibly preparing or set up formal procedures to empower abilities to be passes on more proficiently. Absence of Corporate Commitment to Training: This is a hindrance that can be overwhelmed by organizations understanding that it is to their greatest advantage to create individuals. Clashing Priorities: This is an obstruction that must be overwhelmed by an adjustment in culture from the board. Organizations would need to move away from emergency the board mode and more towards a proactive business the executives approach.

Hail to the king, baby.

Hail to the king, baby. This entry will employ reverse chronology, kind of like Memento, which I have never seen, or that episode of Seinfeld, which I have seen. I know, its a bold move for an inexperienced blogger like me, but seriously, yesterday was almost the coolest day of my life, ever, and it just cant wait until after the license plate game. You know who Bruce Campbell is, right? From Xena: Warrior Princess? (my favorite television show for at least 3 years) Or, uh, Army of Darkness? Well, he was in Spider-Man for about 3 minutes, too. Surely, you had to see Spider-Man? Well, anyway, it turns out that he just directed a new film, The Man With The Screaming Brain, and what better place to premiere it than in Boston, at the Coolidge Corner Theater, a lovely nonprofit independent theater located a scant mile and a half from MIT? But wait, theres more. While Bruce was busy in Bulgaria or wherever directing and starring in The Man With The Screaming Brain, he also found time to write this brand-new book: And, seriously, whats cooler than Bruces picture on the cover? I conceived that as a rhetorical question, but actually, it has an answer: how about BRUCE CAMPBELL DOING A BOOK SIGNING AT THE BROOKLINE BOOKSMITH, right across the street from the Coolidge Corner Theater?! I seriously dont think you get how exciting this is. I just have a feeling that you dont. So, I asked like 20 other people if they wanted to go to this with me and they were all Whos Bruce Campbell? Whats The Evil Dead? Xena what? Well, actually, Ruth kind of knew who he was, but she was busy entertaining her mother. So, since my mother was in town (and she is the one of the biggest Xena fans in all recorded history), I had the great idea that after work, she and I could drive down to Coolidge Corner, buy his book, which Id been meaning to pick up for summer reading anyway, and tell him just what an inspiring human being he is. But, uh, this is a lesson, prospective MIT studentsnever attempt to drive in downtown Boston, ever. Also, right after work is rush hour, and that will only exacerbate the situation. As I learned while teaching MIT ESP SAT Prep, exacerbate is one of the 50 most common words appearing in the verbal section. I thought I could make this blog educational too. Also, its one of my top 5 favorite words in the English language. But back to my saga: we drove around and around Coolidge Corner until I got dizzy and decided to go see what was up with the book signing logistics. Alas! Tickets sold out hours in advance of Bruces appearance! I was upset, but probably not as much as the people in line behind me, who had dressed in full zombie regalia as a tribute to Army of Darkness. Seriously, how many people can there be in Boston who even know who Bruce Campbell is? Like, 50? And then what subset of those 50 want to get a book signed by the worlds most famous B-movie actor? So frustrating. The moral of the story is thusquit your job and follow Bruce Campbells book tour around the country. Despite the fact that I kind of forced her into the worst driving experience ever, I think Mom still managed to enjoy herself in Boston, since we had gone to Pizzeria Regina the night before. She makes a point of ordering an large pepperoni pizza to take home with her after every trip to Boston, and has found it almost impossible to eat at any of Harrisburgs otherwise fine pizza establishments anymore. So, this is what the sign looks like: Now you have no excuse. If you ever happen to be in Boston (say, visiting MIT?), be sure to take the green line to Haymarket and check it out at its original location (11 1/2 Thacher St.)I recommend the St. Anthonys Pizza (with real, homemade sausage), but for the vegetarians among you, the Broccoli Aglio e Olio is also fantastic. Broccoli might be my second favorite food, after potatoes. What did my mom have to endure to get to her favorite pizza in the entire country? Well, a seven-hour drive from Harrisburg, also transporting my cousin Matthew up to visit his Aunt Jen in Milford, CT. Along the way, Matthew decided that we should pass the time by playing the license plate gameyou know, see how many different state license plates you can find along the road. Of course, he got bored after finding PA, NY, and NJ and decided to start yelling out the answers to crossword puzzles he was doing, but Mom and I found the whole thing fascinating. All in all, we saw about 36 states (plus Ontario) in around 6 hours (hey, 72%, thats an A in 7.06). Most importantly, we saw Hawaii, which is basically just an automatic victory in the license plate game because once you get it, everything else is a gimme. Its like getting a double Yahtzee bonus. Also, New Jersey has way too many different license plates. And Ive thought about this a little too much. Aunt Jen just had a baby, my new cousin Joy Ingrid, and I feel obligated to post a picture of her for you even though a) I look awful in it. b) I think babies are stupid in general. But, there we go now! Babies are kinda cute, huh? Especially Joy. Then I saw this Amish guy selling baked lima beans and lemon sponge pie at the Broad Street Market talking on a cell phone on my last day in Harrisburg. Maybe he was just dressing up to be authentic, although in that case he really nailed the bizarre Pennsylvania Dutch accent. But my real surprise of the day had come half an hour earlier at Broad Street Market, when I saw young Amish boys and girls patronizing Golden Road, our only local pho establishment. Now, Ive seen the Amish before (in Harrisburg), and Ive seen people eating pho before (in Boston), but I have never seen the Amish eating pho. How appropriate that this merging of my two cultures should happen on the day I was getting ready to leave one for the other. And that should take us to where I left off last time. So, now you seeif my near-encounter with almost-famous Bruce Campbell had to follow Amish kids eating pho, would anyone really have read this far? And, well, I never believed in linear time anyway.

Ebola Is A Very Harmful Disease - 1649 Words

Ebola is a very harmful disease. People have to take a lot of precautions to make sure that it doesn’t spread, so people don’t die. Most of my family lives in Cameroon, Africa, and Africa is the continent that has had countries with Ebola outbreaks. Knowledge of Ebola, how it developed, its causes, treatment, and knowing the science behind this disease can lead to fewer outbreaks. Ebola is a very harmful and even deadly disease. Many people wonder why the name Ebola was chosen for this disease. This disease is called Ebola because it was found in an area near the Ebola River. The source of Ebola is nonhuman primates, such as fruit bats of the pteropodidae family. Ebola was discovered in Yambuku, Sudan in 1976. There have been 1,001 deaths from Ebola since 1995. Many small outbreaks have happened since then, but there are no current cases now. A lot of the cases where from people travelling to places that have had Ebola outbreaks. Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, U.S., Mali, and the United Kingdom have all been affected by Ebola. Now here is a commonly asked question, how patients should be taken care of? What happens in the hospital is sort of like someone’s blind spot. No one knows what goes on inside except the patient, the nurses, and the doctors. So if a patient has Ebola, the patient must be correctly diagnosed, quarantined, and taken care of so the disease doesn’t spread. To be sure that a person has Ebola, a person must getShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Infectious Diseases1680 Words   |  7 Pagesinfectious disease Infectious disease are diseases or illnesses caused by micro-organisms that become harmful in the body, these micro-organisms are called pathogens. Pathogens are any organism that cause disease, these can include bacteria, viruses and fungi. Not all the micro-organisms mentioned above are harmful to the body, although, under certain conditions such as an immunocompromised individual or the age of a person, can produce an onset of signs and symptoms of an infectious disease. InfectiousRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Society1425 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the history of medicine doctors have encounter many diseases. Unfortunately not all are restorable. Many scientists along with physicians have put in hard work and dedication to medicine study to find cures for each and every illness or diseases that exist today. Studies have proven that medicine alone cannot keep us all healthy; other mediums must take place in order for us to maintain a good immune system to fight off any pathogens trying to break us down. We have seen medicine teamsRead MoreThe Center For Disease Control And Prevention1497 Words   |  6 Pages1. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had many key audiences it was required to communicate with during the Ebola outbreak. Most importantly, the CDC needed to be communicating with employees within the CDC. They needed to be on the same page as to how messages were being released and controlled, as this was a very sensitive subject. Furthermore, it was imperative that heath care providers around the world were receiving appropriate information. U.S. government agencies, the WorldRead MoreThe Ebola Virus Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ebola Virus is an extremely deadly virus found in Africa. There have been multiple outbreaks across Africa and one in the United States. The Ebola virus basically causes uncontrollable bleeding externally and internally. Then your organs become liquefied. This usually results in death(www. encyclopedia.com). The following report contains info on the characteristics and history of the Ebola Virus. After being infected with the Ebola virus it takes 2-21 days to take effect. It depends if youRead MoreModern Day Weaknesses Of The Human Body s Inner Savior2223 Words   |  9 Pagesmultimillions of people every year, to the most recent Ebola outbreak in southern Africa. These weakness show that even the defense system of the â€Å"master race† is continuing to evolve to this day. New pathogens, infections, and viruses emerge every year, which requires an adaptive response from the human body’s inner savior. The brain, at the core of the immune system, calls for new response and dictation from the body to help assist with new disease. The main role of the immune system in modernRead MoreEssay about The Ebola Virus2798 Words   |  12 PagesYou have to admire its simplicity. Its one billionth our size and its beating us. - - Spoken by Colonel Sam Daniels, a character in the fictional movie about Ebola, Outbreak. The Ebola virus is the most feared virus of our time. What exactly is Ebola? Ebola is a viral hemorrhagic fever actually named after the River Ebola in Zaire, Africa, where it was first discovered. It belongs to a genus of ribonucleic viruses called filoviruses, under the family Filofiridae, which are characterizedRead MoreA Brief Note On The Outbreak Of Ebola2197 Words   |  9 Pages Rise Above Ebola Vanessa Aroonprapun Eric Cabus Darnell Ferrer Kristina Santos Somatey Tan American University of Health Sciences Rise Above Ebola The latest outbreak of Ebola is one of the largest epidemics in history. Starting in West Africa, it has spread to neighboring countries such as Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, causing numerous fatalities (Darrel, 2014). The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has identified five different strains of the Ebola virus—Zaire, Sudan, RestonRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Its Effects On The Environment1858 Words   |  8 Pageshave arisen regarding whether or not all GMOs should be mandatorily labeled. Middle Eastern Bloc: Many Middle Eastern nations import GMOs from other nations such as United States. However, a large majority of the population believe that GMOs are harmful to both humans and the environment. The greatest concern for Middle Eastern nations is finding suitable and cost efficient methods of testing GMOs to see if they are safe for consumption. Under the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), several nations haveRead MoreThe Hot Zone By Richard Preston2745 Words   |  11 Pagesviruses all across the globe. By writing the novel, Preston may be suggesting that most Americans have the mentality of â€Å"That would never happen to me!† His thesis is a reaction to this common characteristic of Americans. He is trying to claim that a harmful virus outbreak can happen anywhere, no matter the hemisphere or financial status of the country. He also uses character’s personal thoughts in each tale to represent our society’s looming fear of death. The Hot Zone is an appealing book that grabsRead MoreVaccines And The Immune System882 Words   |  4 Pagestoday’s society? People mostly fear viruses because viruses cause most of your infectious diseases, for instance, smallpox, HIV, Ebola, and Influenza. So that’s why we use vaccines. All of your vaccines are used as an agent that will build up our immune systems to fight off something that is causing us to become ill. Vaccines improve economic growth, life expectancy, protect people from spreading or acquiring the disease, and vaccines can save a ton of lives. To start off, vaccines trigger our immune

The Festering Odor Of Sulfuric Acid - 1711 Words

Upon entering the village of DePue, IL, one may ponder about the festering odor of sulfuric acid in the air that clashes with the scenic view of a serene lake surrounded by wooded land. The main street of DePue is lined with locally owned businesses, along with abandoned, crumbling buildings. The community members of this village may either smile and wave at a passer-by, or glare at you with an off-putting facial expression. Despite the confusing impression a non-resident or visitor might form, DePue has an interesting history. DePue is home to about 1,800 residents whom are devoted to preserving the traditions that this community has to offer. I am quite familiar with the village of Depue, because my grandparents have lived here for nearly 50 years. My grandfather, Walter Ivan, used to own a barber shop on the main street for nearly 35 years, until he passed away in February of this year. He was well-known in this community, and was recognized by his fellow community members for hi s generous personality and contagious laughter. My grandfather executed willingness to learn Spanish, in order to better communicate with the mainly Hispanic community members, as well as learn about their culture. He also was a member of the Depue Booster Club and the Depue Men’s Club. He strongly believed in being an active member of Depue, and always encouraged me to do the same in my hometown. My grandmother, Dorothy Ivan, is an active member of the church in Depue, and is always

Looking Back By John Steinbeck - 2124 Words

For most writers, including John Steinbeck, writing is a talent, a passion, and a lifestyle. More often than not, the experiences and memories that one undergoes as he or she grows up become the basis and storyline of their fiction writing. Looking back, John Steinbeck left behind a legacy through his writings such as Of Mice and Men, The Red Pony, and The Pearl, each with a special touch of his personal life and embedded moral lessons. John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. He was the only son, with two older sisters and one younger sister. At birth, John was physically distorted due to complications in the delivery process. Becoming self-conscious of his looks and personality, Steinbeck loved to be alone, play in the woods, or was often found locked away in his room reading books. In fact, one of Steinbeck’s earliest memories was â€Å"of sitting with his mother in the parlour while she taught him to read† (Parini 27). Soon after John enrolled in primary school, his teacher realized that, as a student, he was ahead of his classmates in reading and writing. Steinbeck attended Salinas High School, and due to the size of the school, he was forced to participate in activities such as football, basketball, and yearbook. In addition, with the United States at war, Steinbeck was named junior officer of a student training corps, preparing himself and others his age for enlistment. All in all, Steinbeck was successful in academics, especiallyShow MoreRelatedThe Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men1644 Words   |  7 PagesJarvis Johnson Research Paper John Steinbeck is an American author of 27 books, widely known for award winning novels, The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men; Steinbeck is also a Nobel Prize winning of Literature. Steinbeck’s writing expresses realistic and creative thoughts, combining as they do compassionate comedy (through Lennie) and intense social perception with their surrounding national culture. John Steinbeck, â€Å"Of mice and Men†, Printed in 1937, articulating a tale of characters, GeorgeRead MoreOf Mice And Men Modernism1619 Words   |  7 Pages One of John Steinbeck’s early drafts of his most famous work, Of Mice and Men, was eaten by his dog. This did not discourage him from finishing it and going on to write more stories and novellas, becoming one of America’s most beloved authors. John Steinbeck is seen as a very important important figure of the Modernist literary period; known for his observations of human conditions during the Dust Bowl era, mainly his book Of Mice and Men which truly takes a detailed look at the Great DepressionRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Flies 1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe Steinbeck Testament You’re working on a simple word search, 15 letters wide, 15 letter tall, just a little word search. You’ve got 11 words down, 1 word left, you got this in the bag, no big deal right? 5 minutes go by. â€Å"You’ll find it.† You say to yourself. 10 minutes. â€Å"Where could it be?† 15 minutes. â€Å"This is impossible, who made this crazy puzzle?† 20 minutes in, there it is, dead center, written forward, looking you straight in the eye. As you cross off the last word in the word bank you’reRead MoreLife of Americans in the 1930s in John Stienbecks of Mice and Men/Original Writing856 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Americans in the 1930s in John Stienbecks of Mice and Men/Original Writing What does John Stienbecks Of Mice and Men tell us about life in America in the 1930s? John Steinbecks novels can all be classified as social novels dealing with the economic problems of rural labour in America during the 1920s and 30s. Steinbeck uses setting, theme, characterisation, and a modernist simple style to portray a 1930s American society, which was isolating, alienatingRead More Symbolism in The Grapes of Wrath Essay example1446 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in The Grapes of Wrath  Ã‚      John Steinbeck is an author known worldwide for his compelling stories and novels. One such novel is The Grapes of Wrath. This novel was written to expose the plight of those dispossessed from their lands by the Great Depression. Steinbeck uses several literary elements to help relate the story to the reader. In The Grapes of Wrath, as in his other works, Steinbeck relies on the use of symbolism to strengthen and enhance the plot. By far, the mostRead MoreAmerica Is Home To Many Great Writers Whom Come Different1709 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica is home to many great writers whom come different backgrounds. American authors like John Steinbeck who add biographical elements into their pieces of writing. John Steinbeck, one of the most honorable authors of time, is known for receiving Nobel Prize, California commonwealth club medal, Pulitzer Prize, and other great accomplishments towards publishing sixteen novels. Steinbeck’s realist style of writing and life experiences impacting his life show the reader he’s been through a lot inRead MoreSteinbeck’s Quest for Friendship, Dreams, and Personality in Of Mice and Men1742 Words   |  7 Pagestraveled together everywhere they went. 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To illustrate these hardships, Steinbeck takes the reader back to an era of bankruptcies, migrant workers, and drifters. Today, this time, the 1930s, is branded the Great Depression. The quest of George and Lennie, two migrant workers, is an example of the dilemma of thousands of homeless and unemployed men in America during the Great Depression

Admissions free essay sample

Hello my name is Timothy. I would like to attend Hillsborough Community College ( HCC). I want to attend HCC because I like their choice of computer degrees. Some things i like to do is use computers and build programs. My academics in high school were good I maintained a B or C average. My favorite class is science. I always did good in my science classes because I found the material to be easy to learn because it’s very interesting. I tried to take an AP course but I wasnt ready for it.I am a hard worker and when I find myself struggling in the class I ask for help from my teachers. Also all four years of high school I was lucky enough to be included in AVID program. In middle school I was also included in the AVID program, this I feel has helped me learn good study habits. We will write a custom essay sample on Admissions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was in chess club for four years and I was an officer for two. I was a in ROTC for three years and my rank was Second Lt. I decided to leave the program in my senior year to able me to focus on my grade to accomplish a higher GPA.I did a lot of community service, I volunteered at the Morean Art Center in ST. Pete Florida. At the Center I tutored kids in how to draw and create animations on a computer, and how to use a Macintosh Computer. I really enjoyed working with the kids. I volunteered for the Relay for Life through my Avid class in my sophmore year. As I walked the track at Leonard High School, it made me think how much I really care about other people, especially people who are sick.Outside of school I like to hang with friends and play Xbox Live. I work out at Hit KB Fit with a retired marine to better my heath and fitness. I love to hunt wild game and fish both salt and fresh waters. My grandfather owns a gun smith shop and I plan to work for my grandpa as an intern to learn how to be a gunsmith. He’s teaching me how to build guns from scratch and how to take them apart and fix them. My family taught me some great study skills and time management skills that I will use in college. Through my working experience I will be able to have my own money , and show them how responsible I can be. I am looking forward to my independence as a young adult. To wrap up I think I would be a great addition to your college because I have a great personality, I have good working skills, I find myself to be very responsible and people tend to feel comfortable around me. I’ve sent my application in with this essay and I hope I make it into your college because this college is my first choice. Thank you for your time.

Decomposition of sodium Essay Example

Decomposition of sodium Essay In this experiment you are going to find ?Hreaction for the decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate:2NaHCO3 (s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) +H2O(l) by an indirect method.You are going to experimentally determine ?Hreaction for the reactions:Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) +H2O(l)and NaHCO3(s)+ 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) +H2O(l)and use your experimental values to find ?Hreaction for the decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate.In all calculations you may assume that the mass of any reaction mixture is the same as that of an equal volume of water (density of water=1.00g/cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) and its specific heat capacity is the same as that of water (4180J/Kg/K).(i) To find ?Hreaction for Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) +H2O(l):? Weigh out accurately about 2.0g of anhydrous sodium carbonate.? Place 50cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of the hydrochloric acid provided (in excess) in a plastic beaker.? Record the temperature of the acid at half minute intervals. After 31/2 minutes add the anhydrous s odium carbonate, do not record the temperature.? Stir vigorously with the thermometer.? Record the temperature after 4 minutes (from the time you started recording) and continue to record the temperature of the mixture at 1/2 minute intervals up to 7 minutes (from the time you started recording).Record your results in a suitable format.Use your results to find ?Hreaction for Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) +H2O(l).READINGSTime Sodium Carbonate Sodium Hydrogen(mins) Carbonate0 19.4 19.41/2 19.5 19.41 19.5 19.511/2 19.6 19.52 19.5 19.521/2 19.5 19.53 19.6 19.631/2 4 22.0 16.441/2 22.0 16.15 22.0 16.151/2 22.0 16.26 21.9 16.261/2 21.9 16.37 21.9 16.5This table above shows the temperature change in à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C.CALCULATIONSSodium CarbonateTemperature Rise from 19.4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C to 22.0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C (a rise of 2.6à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)=2.6KHeat energy given out = mass of mixture x specific heat capacity x temperature riseof mixtureM=0.05Kg Heat Capacity=4180J/Kg/K.Therefore heat given o ut= 0.05 x 4180 x 2.6 = 53.4 Kj.Using 2.07g of Na2CO3 (Mr=(232)+14+(163)=108)I.e. 2.07moles = 0.019167108?H=53.4/1000 = 2.786KJ/mol or 2.79KJ/mol0.019167

Barbecue vs. Barbeque

Barbecue vs. Barbeque Barbecue vs. Barbeque Barbecue vs. Barbeque By Maeve Maddox We all have our lists of language peeves. Most likely, no two of our lists are the same. The reader whose email prompted this post can’t stand the spelling barbeque: One of my pet hates (I have more than a few) is barbeque†. When I hear that this spellinghas entered into common usage I become uncommonly angry. I have entered it into the NGram and [discovered] the wrong spelling has gradually gained ground and the right spelling is declining. Is this the future of language? I can sympathize with the pain a fellow language lover feels when faced with one of his peeves, but I have to admit that barbeque doesn’t even register as a â€Å"one† on my scale of linguistic suffering. I grew up in a town in which the places specializing in this type of cooking spell it Bar-B-Q on their signs and BBQ on their menus. Barbeque looks fine to me. The first glimmer of barbeque on the Ngram Viewer shows in 1893. BBQ is there as early as 1889. Barbeque begins its rise in the 1960s; BBQ in the 1970s. Barbecue, however, remains far and away the most common spelling in printed books. Something that may have contributed to the popularization of the barbeque spelling could be a false etymology that once made the rounds on the Web and may pre-date email hoaxes. According to this creative explanation, the word derives from a French practice of roasting a goat whole, â€Å"from beard to tail,† i.e., â€Å"barbe (beard) (to) queue (tail). In fact, barbecue entered English as a borrowing from Spanish barbacoa. The word went through various spelling permutations before settling down to the standard spelling of barbecue. The OED shows spellings documented at different dates: Barbacu (1661) Barbicu (1690) Barbecu (1697) Barbicue (1773) In his diaries, George Washington (1732-1799) spelled it both Barbicue and Barbecue. The Spanish got the word from the Arawakan word barbakoa, â€Å"framework of sticks.† This was a raised wood structure that served two functions for the Indians: 1. to sleep on; 2. to cure meat on. The meaning â€Å"an outdoor meal of roasted meat or fish as a social entertainment† is from 1733. The meaning â€Å"a grill for cooking over an open fire† dates from 1931. The verb â€Å"to barbecue† has been in use since 1690, but its first meaning was â€Å"to dry or cure meat.† Now it means â€Å"to broil or roast.† A Google search brings up more hits for barbecue, but barbeque is not far behind: barbecue 13,200,000 barbeque 12,400,000 Bottom line: The standard spelling is barbecue, but barbeque is a recognized North American variant. British speakers, including Australians, are advised to stick to barbecue, but Americans and Canadians have the option to spell it either way: Merriam-Webster and the Oxford Canadian Dictionary of Current English both list barbeque without prejudice. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesWhen to Form a Plural with an ApostropheTreatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self†

Discussion Questions Week 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Discussion Questions Week 2 - Essay Example Those who are transiting between jobs can be included in this category. Frictional unemployment is that unemployment caused by information or search costs. Usually when a person quits, is fired, or enters the labour market, there are jobs available for which that person is qualified. The person will be frictionally unemployed because it takes time (and effort) to find the jobs that are available. The emerging students after the completion of their studies who are searching for jobs (new entrants), and those who are seeking better jobs than the present one (Re-entrants) can be considered frictionally unemployed. Frictional unemployment results from the day-to-day changes in a dynamic, changing economic system in which old industries die and new ones are born, in which people get tired of old jobs and old bosses, in which bosses find work of subordinates unsatisfactory, and in which new people enter and others re-enter the labour force. Frictional unemployment exists because both jobs and workers are heterogeneous, and a mismatch can result between the characteristics of supply and demand. Such a mismatch can be related to skills, payment, work time, location, attitude, taste, and a multitude of other factors. The government can advice the students about the career prospects and they can guide them through proper counseling. Proper career oriented training and schooling will help the students in attaining the desired jobs. The available jobs can be notified to the job seekers using different means and at the same time the organizations that have job vacancies should be informed about the available labour force by the government. The prejudices about the jobs and the employees can be avoided through the intervention of t he government. The government can also provide incentives to the unemployed. In this case, the number of unemployed workers exceeds the number of job vacancies, so that if even all open jobs were filled, some workers

An investigation into why e-businesses fail Essay

An investigation into why e-businesses fail - Essay Example This dissertÐ °tion used multi-cÐ °se studies Ð °s there were numerous exÐ °mples of fÐ °iled online businesses Ð °s well Ð °s successful ones. The results of the cÐ °se studies hÐ °ve shown thÐ °t stÐ °ff with experience in mÐ °rketing is vitÐ °l to the success of the online business, Ð °s mÐ °rketing in online business encompÐ °sses most Ð °spects of the business, Ð °nd is not just confined to Ð °ttrÐ °cting Ð °nd retÐ °ining customers. MÐ °rketing Ð °n online business Ð °lso involves mÐ °nÐ °ging the website itself Ð °nd ensuring thÐ °t the technicÐ °l Ð °spects Ð °re contributing to the customer experience. In the cÐ °se studies, it wÐ °s cleÐ °r thÐ °t experience wÐ °s the key to success in online businesses, Ð °s experience would influence other fÐ °ctors such Ð °s mÐ °rketing Ð °nd business plÐ °ns. Some online businesses mÐ °y need professionÐ °l help in mÐ °rketing, but only if they hÐ °ve not expertise within the teÐ °m. There fore it wÐ °s more importÐ °nt to recognise Ð °nd identify the shortcomings of the online business model before setting up the online business. This seemed to be Ð ° greÐ °ter determinÐ °nt of success, Ð °s Ð ° well-thought out business Ð °nd mÐ °rketing plÐ °n would Ð °nd should include experienced Ð °nd quÐ °lified personnel. The dissertÐ °tion Ð °lso highlighted the importÐ °nce of business pÐ °rtnerships especiÐ °lly where the online business wÐ °s not Ð ° mÐ °nufÐ °cturer. Since the dÐ °wn of the internet, Ð ° lot of businesses Ð °nd individuÐ °ls set Ð °bout estÐ °blishing online businesses in Ð ° bid to Ð °mÐ °ss mÐ °ssive profits. However, Ð °ccording to CrÐ °ine (2001) since the yeÐ °r 2000 Ð °pproximÐ °tely 200 online businesses went out of the business Ð °ccounting for more thÐ °n 50% of business closures. This high fÐ °ilure rÐ °te is of concern to the business Ð °nd finÐ °nciÐ °l community; Ð °s such closures will Ð °lso Ð °ffect stock mÐ °rkets Ð °nd shÐ °res. Some of the online

Strategic Alliances in Supply Chain Management

Strategic Alliances in Supply Chain Management Strategic alliance or partnership is solely depended on trust, faith relationship between simultaneous stages in Supply Chain. This increases ability and dependability of various stages involved in the supply chain. As strategic alliances can be between two or more organisations so each stage should be managed by welfare of the others and should not change or use that stages for own advantage without consideration of the organisation involved. This alliance is kept formal in relationship between two or more organisation to achieve some beneficial goals through business by supply chain. Here organisations also work on their desired needs. Some of the Strategic alliance resources are: Products Distribution channels Manufacturing capability Project funding Capital equipment Knowledge Expertise or intellectual property This alliance is actually a collaboration of firms to work together to form a greater effect than before. There are some reasons which can improve the performance which are : Decision making is done by the consideration of other party. Easy coordination between the parties by their managers with the trust. This result in better operational implementation and scheme valuation. It will lead to redundancy due increase in supply chain productivity. This ensures proper sharing of sales and production information, hence helping in coordinate production and distribution decisions. Above diagram shows the model of forming strategic alliances. Here operating strategy is divided into three structures: Industrial Organizational Government Building strategic alliance and its trust Building these types of alliances is totally dependent on Managers of the organization. Mostly this is done by sharing clean information trusted by every results matching with supply and demand throughout the supply chain processes and lower cost. Here it shows that better relationship helps to lower the cost between the supply chain stages. Example: As far as trust over here is concerned a supplier can avoid forecasting about information received for the retailer. Similarly the retailer can lessen the receiving effort by decreasing counting and inspections on the trust of the suppliers quality and delivery. This ensures better coordination between supplier and retailer. Wal-Mart and PG have been trying to build a strategic alliance that will help for better coordination and actions can be mutually beneficial. A typical strategic alliance formation consists of some steps which are: Strategy Development: development involves feasibility of alliance, objectives and goals, decisions, focus on critical issues, technology and people with their challenges and resources. Partner Assessment: In this assessment partners strength, potential, developing managing styles, preparing criteria for partner selection and understanding their motives for joining alliances. Contract Negotiation: It is the development of realistic objectives among the group and forming the high calibre or developing synergy. Consideration on security of information, termination clauses, and penalties for poor performance is formulated. Alliance Operation: it is linking of budgets and resources to fulfil the strategic priorities, measuring the performance etc. Alliance Termination: It is the winding down of partnership due to failure or not meeting the clauses decided before. Advantages of Strategic Alliance Each partner can concentrate on different stages of the supply Developing competences and learning form the partners Suitability and protection of resources is maintained Developing low cost models hence financial benefit. Types of strategic alliances Joint venture: In this type of alliance two or more firms create legally independent company to develop competitive advantage Equity Strategic Alliance: There is sharing of different percentages of the company. Non-equity Strategic Alliance: It is alliance on a contractual- relationship to share the unique resources. Global Strategic Alliances: It is formed between a company and foreign company. Achieving Strategic Alliance by any Organization: It is agreed that the cooperation and the trust in supply chain are quite important and develops the value but it very hard to maintain, sustain and develop till the last point. Therefore two views have been analysed to categorize into any supply chain relationship. Those views are as follows: Deterrence-based view: In this view a variety of formal contracts are formed amongst to ensure cooperation Process-based view: with this view the development of trust and cooperation is built over a long time with the series of interactions between the parties. In practical situation the contract established between parties and design of such contract is impossible to make where all contingency is accounted in future by all parties so the only way out here is to trust each other and have a long relationship relying on developed contract. Example: If there is a situation where supplier sign the initial contract containing the contingencies with the manufacturers and then those manufacturers turns out of not referring that contract again. So here hope remains to resolve such contingencies with the negotiation. Designing a relationship with Cooperation and Trust Main steps for this are: Assessing the value of the relationship Identifying operational roles and decision rights for each party Creating effective contracts Designing effective conflict resolution mechanism Assessing the value of the relationship First step always becomes the designing of mutual benefit that relationship provides. In most supply chain, member of partnership brings distinct skills needed to tp supply customer order. Example: A manufacturer produces the product which transported to retailer by passing it through various stages and retailer makes it appear to customer. Here next step is to identify the criteria used for evaluating the relationship as well as the contribution of the member. These criterions are to increase the total profits. Stages in supply chain alliances help managers to carry out productive decisions and it makes easy for producing correct decision by managerial level. Therefore leading in productivity of flow in the supply chains. Example: When suppliers work hard to reduce replenishment lead times, the supply chain benefits because of reduced safety inventories at manufactures and retailers. Suppliers are unlikely to put in the effort if the manufacturers and retailers are not willing to share the increase in profit with them. Thus, supply chain relationship is likely to be sustainable only if profits are increased with proper sharing In this step clarification of contribution of each member should be done accurate. For this flexible mechanisms should be designed to monitor the relationship periodically. Example: Chrysler negotiates a certain level of improvement per year with supplier. Identifying operational roles and decision rights for each party In identifying such things managers responsible of various members should know the interdependence between the members. A source of any conflict may ruin the level of trust and may also the level of dependency. There can also be the structure of sequential interdependence where dependency precedes on members. While in reciprocal interdependencies partners come together and exchange information and inputs in both direction. Example: Wal-Mart and PG are attempting to create reciprocal interdependence through collaborative forecasting and replenishment teams. Major example of operational roles is as follows: The relationship among Dell, Sony, and Airborne. Here dell takes order for computers it assembles and monitors that Sony Manufactures. Airborne picks up computers from Dell warehouse in Texas and monitors from the Sony warehouse in Mexico. It then Merges two and sends a combined order to customer. Creating effective contracts Handling and encouraging towards sudden contingencies arouse within alliance is difficult for managers without contracts. So contracts are most effective for governance when complete information is available and all future contingencies are can be accounted for. Contracts play only partial role over long time in maintaining effective partnership in supply chain. Example: Caterpillar and its Dealerships can terminate agreements without cause with 90 days notice. Designing effective conflict resolution mechanism As conflicts are bound to arise in relationships, unsatisfactory resolutions cause the partnership to worsen, whereas satisfactory resolutions strengthen the alliance. So a proper conflict mechanism should give the parties an opportunity to communicate and work through their differences, in the process building greater trust. It is important to be sensitive to the context of the partnership while designing the conflict-resolution mechanisms. Managing Supply Chain Relationship for Cooperation and Trust Effective management of relationship develops cooperation and trust while poorly managed relationship leads to loss in supply chain profits. Good alliance evolves and matures through following stages: Organisational SWOT analysis Core competence identification and focus Outsourcing and partnership need establishment Intent and expectation statement Requirement clarification Partner search and selection Partnership contract and negotiation Contract formulation Operationalization of emerging joint endeavour Monitoring and Performance evaluation Staffing and people issues resolution Continual relationship management Example: Relationship between Marks Spencer and manufacturer of kitchen product provides an excellent example of fair sharing of benefits. After sometime of the products introduction, the manufacturer realized that costs had been miscalculated and exceeded the price at which the product was being sold to Marks Spencer. Meanwhile, given its low retail price, customers found the product an outstanding value and made it a big hit. Strategic Alliances help to Supply Chain of the business There are many benefits of Strategic alliance but managing it is been a difficult task and with probability of forthcoming conflicts in such alliances and businesses. Finally significant part in such alliances is that it helps a lot in supply chain business. Which are discussed as follows? Collaboration For developing an effective collaborative relationship with the supply chain partner the one thing that will help the most to improve communication is ability to understand the value of the supply chain that partner needs to receive from the relationship. Example: Some procurement department might believe that its supply partner should cut their price so low that they no longer make a profit. This is simply crazy. If an effort to understand the total value of supply partner needs and help them to receive that total value package, they will perceive you as a great partner and communication will become easier. Information Sharing Difficult challenge to overcome in collaborating with suppliers and customers comes when sharing of information is to be made clearly. Where the challenge of integrating inter-company processes is to be made for execution. To improve resource utilisation among all supply-chain partners and to increase end-consumer satisfaction across the various enterprises is a new openness that will be guaranteed for all the cooperating players in alliance. The main challenge is to overcome divulge of profit secrets. Supply Chain Improvements Supply chain improvement areas available for strategic alliance relationships: Management of supply channel conflict On-time product delivery Prompt response to complaints Greater consistency in parts, supplies, semi-assembled, and completed products Detailed agreement as to handling of product problems and customer complaints Improved supply chain productivity Specific (quarterly, yearly, etc.) volume commitments Key contacts that are dedicated to your account Improved supplier loyalty Prompt response to quote requests and price problems Confidentiality of shared business strategy Example: Just-in-time inventory purchasing and supplying as exemplified by the famous relationship between Wal-Mart and Procter Gamble has continued to prove successful. Home Depot and Dell Computers have also built powerful alliances with their suppliers for cost saving just-in-time inventory in similar applications Supply chain strategic alliances can help logistics teams provide value Mainly seen that cost centres, logistic departments are most crucial for customer care and good working of supply chain operation. Example: Supply chain management issues are related with aspects as logistics, distribution, and transportation in the paper industry which can be changed to facilitate promising value for customers and end users. In todays businesses the logistics and its associated activities are an integral function of most business transactions. So Logistics service providers account for the local cross-town delivery of a product to a customer or the activities required to facilitate an important global shipment between companies located on different continents.

The Linguistic Situation of South Africa :: essays research papers fc

When it comes to linguistics, South Africa is like a melting pot of languages. In total, South Africa has eleven major languages coming from both Africa and Europe. The major languages used are Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sesotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu. In order to understand how each of these languages arrived in South Africa, we must first look at the history of people living in the country. The first identified language spoken in the South Africa was Khoisan. This language was spoken by the indigenous people of South Africa, the Khoikhio, who lived mainly in the southern coastal regions of the country. Over the years this language has slowly faded away along with the native Khoikhio people. Today there are only a few native South Africans left who can still speak Khoisan living in the western sections of the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some time around the eighth century many Bantu tribes migrated south from central Africa into the northern territories of South Africa. Each of these Bantu tribes brought with them their own distinct Bantu language—nine of which still remain and are recognized today as official languages by the South African Government. These languages are used throughout the African population, which makes up three quarters of South Africa’s people. These languages include: Sesotho, Tsonga, Pedi, Tswana, Venda; and the Nguni group of Bantu languages: Xhosa, Ndebele, Swazi, and Zulu.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the present, Zulu is the Bantu language with the largest number of speakers. In KwaZulu and Natal there are nine million people that speak this language. Falling right behind with seven million speakers is the language of Xhosa. Xhosa can be found around Transei, Ciskei, and on the Eastern Cape. The official language of Swaziland is Swazi with two million speakers. The last Nguni language is Ndebele, which is spoken by half a million people in some northeastern parts of South Africa. Between the four separate Nguni languages there are 12 different dialects. Pedi and Sesotho are both a part of the Sotho group of Bantu Languages and they share 11 different dialects. Pedi is the strongest language in the Sotho group. Pedi has four million speakers all over the country. Three million people in Qwaqwa and Orange Free State speak Sesotho. Tsonga, which has four dialects, has four million speakers living in Mozambique and Swaziland. Tswana spoken in Botswana has aroun d three million speakers. Venda, spoken mainly in Transvaal, has over half a million speakers.

Consumer Behaviour Essay

Consumers make many buying decisions every day, and the buying decision is the focal point of the marketer’s effort. Most large companies research consumer buying decisions in great detail to answer questions about what consumers buy, where they buy, how and how much they buy, when they buy, and why they buy. Marketers can study actual consumer purchases to find out what they buy, where, and how much. But learning about the whys of consumer buying behavior is not so easy—the answers are often locked deep within the consumer’s mind. Often, consumers themselves don’t know exactly what influences their purchases. â€Å"The human mind doesn’t work in a linear way,† says one marketing expert. â€Å"The idea that the mind is a computer with storage compartments where brands or logos or recognizable packages are stored in clearly marked folders that can be accessed by cleverly written ads or commercials simply doesn’t exist. Instead, the mind is a whirling, swirling, jumbled mass of neurons bouncing around, colliding and continuously creating new concepts and thoughts and relationships inside every single person’s brain all over the world.† The central question for marketers is as follows: How do consumers respond to various marketing efforts the company might use? The starting point is the stimulus-response model of buyer behavior shown in Figure 5.1. This figure shows that marketing and other stimuli enter the consumer’s â€Å"black box† and produce certain responses. Marketers must figure out what is in the buyer’s black box. Marketing stimuli consist of the four Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. Other stimuli include major forces and events in the buyer’s environment: economic, technological, political, and cultural. All these inputs enter the buyer’s black box, where they are turned into a set of buyer responses: the buyer’s brand and company relationship behavior and what he or she buys, when, where, and how often. Marketers want to understand how the stimuli are changed into responses inside the consumer’s black box, which has two parts. First, the buyer’s characteristics influence how he or she perceives and reacts to the stimuli. Second, the buyer’s decision process itself affects his or her behavior. We look first at buyer characteristics as they affect buyer behavior and then discuss the buyer decision process. Many levels of factors affect our buying behavior—from broad cultural and social influences to motivations, beliefs, and attitudes lying deep within us. For example, why did you buy that specific cell phone? Consumer purchases are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics, as shown in Figure 5.2. For the most part, marketers cannot control such factors, but they must take them into account. Cultural Factors Cultural factors exert a broad and deep influence on consumer behavior. Marketers need to understand the role played by the buyer’s culture, subculture, and social class. Culture Culture is the most basic cause of a person’s wants and behavior. Human behavior is largely learned. Growing up in a society, a child learns basic values, perceptions, wants, and behaviors from his or her family and other important institutions. A child in the United States normally learns or is exposed to the following values: achievement and success, individualism, freedom, hard work, activity and involvement, efficiency and practicality, material comfort, youthfulness, and fitness and health. Every group or society has a culture, and cultural influences on buying behavior may vary greatly from country to country. A failure to adjust to these differences can result in ineffective marketing or embarrassing mistakes. Subculture Each culture contains smaller subcultures, or groups of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations. Subcultures include nationalities, religions, racial groups, and geographic regions. Many subcultures make up important market segments, and marketers often design products and marketing programs tailored to their needs. Examples of four such important subculture groups include Hispanic American, African American, Asian American, and mature consumers. Hispanic American Consumers The nation’s nearly 50 million Hispanic consumers have an annual buying power of more than $950 billion, a figure that will grow to an estimated $1.4 trillion by 2013. Hispanic consumer spending has grown at more than twice the rate of general-market spending over the past four years. Although Hispanic consumers share many characteristics and behaviors with the mainstream buying pubic, there are also distinct differences. They tend to be deeply family oriented and make shopping a family affair; children have a big say in what brands they buy. Perhaps more important, Hispanic consumers, particularly first-generation immigrants, are very brand loyal, and they favor brands and sellers who show special interest in them. African American Consumers With an annual buying power of $913 billion, estimated to reach $1.2 trillion by 2013, the nation’s 42 million African American consumers also attract much marketing attention. The U.S. black population is growing in affluence and sophistication. Although more price conscious than other segments, blacks are also strongly motivated by quality and selection. Brands are important. So is shopping. Black consumers seem to enjoy shopping more than other groups, even for something as mundane as groceries. In recent years, many companies have developed special products, appeals, and marketing programs for African American consumers. For example, P&G’s roots run deep in this market. P&G has long been the leader in African American advertising, spending nearly twice as much as the second-place spender. It has a long history of using black spokespeople in its ads, beginning in 1969 with entertainer Bill Cosby endorsing Crest. Today, you’ll see Angela Bassett promoting the benefits of Olay body lotion for black skin, Derek Jeter discussing the virtues of Gillette razors and deodorant, and Queen Latifah in commercials promoting a Cover Girl line for women of color. In addition to traditional product marketing efforts, P&G also supports a broader â€Å"My Black Is Beautiful† movement. Asian American Consumers Asian Americans are the most affluent U.S. demographic segment. They now number nearly 15 million and wield more than $500 billion in annual spending power, expected to reach $750 billion in 2013. They are the second fastest-growing population sub segment after Hispanic Americans. And like Hispanic Americans, they are a diverse group. Chinese Americans constitute the largest group, followed by Filipinos, Asian Indians, Vietnamese, Korean Americans, and Japanese Americans. Asian consumers may be the most tech-savvy segment; more than 90 percent of Asian Americans go online regularly and are most comfortable with Internet technologies such as online banking. As a group, Asian consumers shop frequently and are the most brand conscious of all the ethnic groups. They can be fiercely brand loyal. As a result, many firms are now targeting the Asian American market, companies like State Farm, McDonald’s, Verizon, Toyota, and Wal-Mart. For example, among its many other Asian American targeting efforts, McDonald’s has built a special Web site for this segment (www.myinspirasian.com), offered in both English and Asian languages. The fun and involving, community-oriented site highlights how McDonald’s is working with and serving the Asian American community. Mature Consumers As the U.S. population ages, mature consumers are becoming a very attractive market. By 2015, when all the baby boomers will be 50-plus, people ages 50 to 75 will account for 40 percent of adult consumers. By 2030, adults ages 65 and older will represent nearly 20 percent of the population. And these mature consumer segments boast the most expendable cash. The 50-plus consumer segment now accounts for nearly 50 percent of all consumer spending, more than any current or previous generation. They have 2.5 times the discretionary buying power of those ages 18 to 34. As one marketing executive puts it, they have â€Å"assets, not allowances.† Despite some financial setbacks resulting from the recent economic crisis, mature consumers remain an attractive market for companies in all industries, from pharmaceuticals, furniture, groceries, beauty products, and clothing to consumer electronics, travel and entertainment, and financial services. Social Factors A consumer’s behavior also is influenced by social factors, such as the consumer’s small groups, family, and social roles and status. Social class Relatively permanent and ordered divisions in a society whose members share similar values, interests, and behaviors. Group Two or more people who interact to accomplish individual or mutual goals. Groups and Social Networks Many small groups influence a person’s behavior. Groups that have a direct influence and to which a person belongs are called membership groups. In contrast, reference groups serve as direct (face-to-face) or indirect points of comparison or reference in forming a person’s attitudes or behavior. People often are influenced by reference groups to which they do not belong. For example, an aspirational group is one to which the individual wishes to belong, as when a young basketball player hopes to someday emulate basketball star LeBron James and play in the National Basketball Association (NBA) Marketers try to identify the reference groups of their target markets. Reference groups expose a person to new behaviors and lifestyles, influence the person’s attitudes and selfconcept, and create pressures to conform that may affect the person’s product and brand choices. The importance of group influence varies across products and brands. It tends to be strongest when the product is visible to others whom the buyer respects.

United States Should Not Drop The Nuclear Bombs On Japan.

United States should not drop the nuclear bombs on Japan In year 1945 august 6, and 9, America dropped two nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively. Those two bombs brought severe damages to these two cities including over 200,000 innocent lives. Many people believe that Japan deserve to be bombed due to many reasons, primarily because Japan first attacked United States at Pearl Harbor. However, it is still wrong and unnecessary for United States to drop two bombs respectively on Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the two bombs not only bring destructions to Japan, but also cause further fears and chaos to the whole world. An atomic bomb is a bomb that derives its destructive power from the rapid release†¦show more content†¦Impact of the A-Bomb, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1945-1985). With all those damages the bombs bring to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it is definitely unethical for United States to drop them. Japanese citizens who live in Hiroshima and Nagasaki are innocent and many of them are not even involved in the war. Those two cities have no reason to suffer over 100,000 death and the mass destruction of the infrastructure. It is true that Japan had also committed many atrocities during the war and they did cause pains to United States at Pearl Harbor. However, the mass killing brought by the bombs is also an atrocity and nothing can justify it or make it right. More importantly, bombing Japan is not absolutely necessary as there are some other options that could be taken. Many people justify the outcome of the bombing by claiming that the two bombs effectively end the war, which also helped save many lives from both sides. That is certainly true. However, it is wrong to believe that dropping two nuclear bombs is the only viable choice left to United State. There are definitely other options and it seemed like United States was not interested in them at that time. One of the option is to clarify and negotiate the Potsda m Declaration with Japan a little more. The Potsdam Declaration is a statement that calls for the surrender of all Japanese forces during the Second World War. One of its term demands anShow MoreRelatedThe Threat Of The Atomic Bomb1131 Words   |  5 Pagesmany wars the United States of America have fought in since World War I to the ruthless naval sea battle in World War II with the Japanese. There is no question about it that war is a great catastrophe, which leads to death of soldiers, destruction, butchery, but the worst kind of all the atomic war. One only has to think of the havoc this nuclear war would cause Capio mentioned in the article Airpower Journal (68). Just like when the United States Air Force dropped the Atomic bomb in Hiroshima fromRead MoreThe Manhattan Project And How Did It Affect The World? 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