Vedio analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vedio analyze - Essay Example The challenge to change an idea into reality is also a factor that drives people into entrepreneurship (Gasparski, 2011). The video case breaks down some of the different types of entrepreneurship. Micropreneurship refers to the entrepreneurship whereby a person starts a business venture with a goal of having a balanced lifestyle and not to grow big. The second type of entrepreneurship is â€Å"entrepreneurial teams†, where a group of two or more people begin a business with a view of pursuing their passion and making profits. The last type of entrepreneurship is intrapreneurship, which occurs when large companies create opportunities for their employees to grow in business. These companies can offer the training for their employees and give them the necessary recipe for great business ventures (Hatten, 2012). Pillow Pets is a company in the United States of America that was created by Jennifer Telfer and her husband Clint. This company operates under another company, called C J Products. This is an entrepreneurial team type of entrepreneurship since it was a formation by two people. Through the story that the video case narrates about the inception and progress of the Pillow Pets Company, we learn several lessons about the traits that a person should have to be a successful entrepreneur. A successful entrepreneur must naturally possess certain traits that will make their business venture to boom. There is the ability to persevere through failure and still be determined to make it. This is important since the world of business is replete with risks and a soft heart can never have the perseverance to see a business grow to its greatest heights of success. An entrepreneur must also be action-oriented to ensure that he or she is not afraid to test the waters of the business they venture into for better results. There are also acquired skills that an entrepreneur can learn in the quest to achieve good results in business. These include management skills that are essential in the organization and running of the business enterprise. A business with poor management is always bound to fail since there are no proper mechanisms to control the inflow and outflow of finances. This can easily collapse a good business as a result of lost revenues resulting from poor allocation of funds in the various departments of production in the business (Gasparski, 2011). In relation to the video case, the couple was determined to make supernormal profits reason for their good management. They were determined to succeed despite their various failures, which included the designs that did not impress customers in the market. The designs were poorly made and not appealing to customers. Moreover, the competition in the market was rife but the couple induced more creativity in the business, a move which enabled them to broaden their market (Stokes et al., 2010). Entrepreneurship is mostly started as a small business that blossoms into a mega company. In the US, t here are over 20 million small businesses, with 750,000 small businesses being started each year. These small businesses are important in the improvement of the US economy since they make 50% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In addition, approximately 80% of Americans find employment in the small businesses, making the businesses the backbone of the economy. Mega companies just make a smaller part of the country’

Sociology Essays Racism Football Sport

Sociology Essays Racism Football Sport Racism Football Sport Real Literature Review The phenomenon of racism in football is not as old as the conflict of racism in society in general, but neither is it as recent as the current worrying situation in which some to believe (Back et al.1998). Back et al. (1998) identified that football grounds have provided one of the largest public arenas in which racism can be openly expressed. It is against this background that the phenonomenon of racism in football has led to wide spread discussion during the past couple of decades within the media, amongst policy makers and in the wider football community. Recently, there has been a increase in the study of sport, racism and ethnicity (Jarvie 1991). Numerous factors which will be explained have undoubtedly contributed to fuel this interest. However, a couple of considerations appear to have been of great importance. Firstly, black sportsmen and sportswomen throughout the world have experienced remarkable successes in international sport (Jarvie 1991). According to Mercer, (1994) and Shohat and Stam, 1994) this may be due to the fact that apparently each positive stereotype has a negative result. Therefore, as black men and women have come to excel in various sports, people of a non ethnic backgroundhave needed an explanation for why what seemed to be an inferior race can outperform a superior one. This may be one of many factors which may have encouraged resentment for their success which in turn could have lead to abuse in a racist nature. Secondly, a disproportionately high level of athletic participation by diverse ethnic minority cultures has often been used by liberal minded sports enthusiasts as an excuse to indicate that there is no racism in these arenas. These authors use these examples to try and illustrate that there is no form or racism in certain sports, however authors such as (Williams 1992, 1994; Turner 1990; Holland 1992a, 1992b, 1995) have proven otherwise. Bairner (1996) and Guha (1997) who are thought to be sporting enthusiasts argue the assumption that sport itself is relatively free from racism and that sport, more than any other sphere of society, enjoys a certain degree of democratization and equality according to Jarvie (1991). However, â€Å"such accounts of sport which make general inferences about the changing nature of racial relations in society based on a consideration of athletic participation rates† (Jarvie, 1991, p. 3) are misleading due to their ignorance of the broader issues of power and domination within society. Although there has been a sizable interest of studies in the area of race and sport in the UK (Chappell et al. 1996; Norris Jones,1998) focusing primarily on the issues of â€Å"stacking† and â€Å"centrality† is useful evidence in a descriptive term. However, in terms of quantifiable data indicating that there is a decrease racism in sport, it would be very nave to gain assumptions that their was a decrease in racism in sport from these sources. Maguire (1991) has therefore recognised that there is a need for greater qualitative as well as quantitative research into the area in the â€Å"hope that a more rounded picture may be produced† (p. 100). Although some qualitative research involving racism in English football has been carried out (Cashmore,1982; Howe, 1976; Maguire, 1991), these studies only concentrated on the experiences of top level Black players. This has been highlights to identify there is very little data on the experiences of racism on lower league footballers. Therefore, this is a worthy study because not only will it explore the different avenues of racism, but will also give a broader picture as to the experiences of racism in lower league footballers. It is believed that non-league football, which consists of the middle section of the football hierarchy in the United Kingdom, would prove to be a grounded place for such a study for a variety of reasons. First, the realities of race relations could well be more real at lower levels of the game than in the polished environment of professional sport (Hoberman, 1997) due to its less cosmopolitan nature (Maguire, 1991). The need to investigate below the top level of sport has been echoed by Horne (1996),who stated that focusing on the lower level of soccer culture may be beneficial in understanding the differing forms of attachment to, and identification with, the game for Black players, as these everyday levels could well be â€Å"important sites for consolidating and possibly transforming racist attitudes† (p. 61). He further stated that investigations at different levels of soccer are needed if involvement of ethnic minorities in sport and in the wider community are to be better understood and appreciated Racism is undoubtedly a sensitive issue and it is important to be clear on what racism is when conducting the research. What is Racism? As quoted from the McPherson report from the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry: ‘Racism in general terms consists of conduct or words or practices which advantage or disadvantage people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin. In its more subtle form it is as damaging as in it overt form.’ (Macpherson, 1999: 6.4) According to Long et al (2000) racism arises from the belief that people can be divided into physical genetic categories that make some superior to others, a belief which is then used to justify inequality. He also goes on to explain that ‘recently racism has been recognised to extent beyond supposed biological superiority to others to encompass notions of cultural differences’ (Long et al, 2000 p. 15). Further to this point Solomos and Back (1996) who conducted a study on racism in society states that racism can be seen as a mutable and changing phenomenon in which notions of biological or pseudo-biological cultural difference are utilised to explain and legitimate hierarchies of racial dominance and exclusion. Therefore there are cases where people do not realise they are disadvantaging people because of their ethnicity. This is can be referred to as everyday, subconscious or indirect racism (Long et al. 2000). It is helpful to look at racism on a broad scale to identify the common trends which may occur and compare them with the experiences of individuals in the UK. Therefore, different types of research such as †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..carried out within various countries in Europe was a practical place to begin with. Racism in football is still a major problem in Poland, Spain and Italy for instance. In the Netherlands: Ajax fans have the tradition of using Jewish and Israeli symbols to express their allegiance(Wikipedia). This shows how the picture can often be complex, as these Ajax fans are for the most part not Jewish, but use Jewish symbols because of the historical connections of the club and the area it was founded in to Jews before WW1. Within Holland fans of teams playing Ajax sometimes exhibit racist behaviour in terms of anti-semitic remarks, even though there are no actual Jewish players at Ajax another example from the literature is those Italian fans from Napoli who supported Argentinians in the world cup 1990, rather than the national team, because their local team hero Maradonna was in the Argentine side. This lack of national loyalty meant that the Northern Italian fans disliked the southern region fans and so supported anyone who played against Argentina. Examples like these two above highlight that it is not always a straight forward picture that we are dealing with in considering racism within football. Local and divided loyalties arise and sometimes exchanged, patterns of illogical racist behaviour can develop according to varying circumstances. Therefore: the racism on display in European football matches is more often than not dependent on the traditions and historic rivalries within white fans’ cultures’ (UNESCO 2000). However, there also may be common practices of racism that can be seen through out Europe and even the world. Therefore common ways to deal with it are applicable: ‘While one must recognize that the problem of racism is different in each country, a Europe-wide initiative to combat the problem must surely be welcomed’ (UNESCO 2000). Even within the UK their are a different patterns and history of racism, and different things being down to combat it. The situation in Scotland or Northern Ireland is different from that in England and Wales. For instance the investigation in 2007, against West Ham fans before the match with Spurs was over anti-Semitic chants. An example of the kind of chants that are sometimes used against Spurs fans are: Those yids from Tottenham The gas mans got them Oh those yids from White Hart Lane† (UNESCO 2000) Localised Racism Authers such as Holland et al. (1995) who considered the impact of racism by far right groups at Leeds united football club and the strategies used to oppose these by the club identified ‘that it is impossible to identify uniform patterns of racism or prejudice or race relations’, rationalize their own choice of focus on the basis that ‘terms such as race, ethnicity and sport have to be specifically â€Å"unpacked† in terms of content, time and place’. There is a general consensus that white players do not experience racism in football in the UK, however there is evidence to contradict this belief. There are in fact identity codes within football culture which reveal quite complicated racial meanings. A prime example is the song ‘I’d rather be a Paki than a Scouse’ which is regularly sung to Liverpool supporters by supporters from Arsenal and Chelsea and Manchester United fans. This song which is sung to the tune of ‘She’ll be coming round the mountain’ is directed at Merseyside fans. The intention is to demote the status people who come from Merseyside from being a normal English society, to one which is frowned upon. Therefore ridiculing the ‘neighbourhood nationalism’ of Scouseness. This is achieved by fans of different ethnicities from London and Manchester to altering the meaning of being a loathed minority which is the stigmatized category of a ‘Paki’, rather than retain their race and be a Scouser. This example ehphasises the complexities of local racialization and racial exclusion. Likewise it also highlights the fact that different minority communities may have a different hierarchal status within local society. . For example, young black men may win inclusion and even command positions of prestige within particular fan cultures while other minorities – in this case South Asians – are relegated to the status of vilified outsiders. (Williams 1992: 24) Williams has also developed a more nuanced notion of the politics of racism within English football. Interestingly he used Phil Cohen’s (1988) notion of ‘nationalism of the neighbourhood’ to discuss the ways in which minorities can win contingent inclusion within local working-class collectivities Reverse Racism The terms of racism, moreover, may in some situations also be reversed and lead to phenomena that are difficult to grasp without a sense of the inherent contradictions of contingent Racialization. For example, it has been noted that a racialized black identity can have a number of advantageous connotations within a masculine culture like soccer. In some circles, the mythical dimensions of the black body (of physical, sexual and athletic prowess) may even make a black identity preferable over a white one in terms of its ability to signify a powerful masculinity (Carrington, 2002). As a result, such racialized identities may sometimes be sought out for short term gains as kind of strategic essentialism (Mercer, 1994). Without doubt, the contingent admiration of racialized black bodies and men is not only a source of possibility within soccer culture, but also one of restraint. Racialized expectations of black performance, for example, position black players mostly in attacking roles, and much more rarely as key defenders or goalkeepers (Maguire, 1991). Moreover, this particular black identity is not available to all black players. In contrast to players of British-Caribbean descent, those of British Asian descent are rarely perceived as potentially talented professional players in any position at all. The latter ethnicity, as Burdsey has shown, is stereotypically taken as effeminate and too frail for soccer (Burdsey, 2004). Long, Tongue, Sprackle. and Carrington(1995) affirm this assumption that racial stereotyping provides a freefall for commonsense racism’ (Long et al., 1995). These assumptions transcend a belief that it true that Asians cannot play football. This in tern leadsindividuals who do not research the subject to believe that these myths are true. These views are the same for black players. Examples include ‘not being good trainers, not being any good once the pitches get muddy and not having the bottle to be defenders’ (Long 2000). A further hopeful note there is that in recent years a Japanese player, Shunsuke Nakamura has been making a considerable contribution towards decreasing racist habits amongst Scottish football fans, merely by his popularity as a player. The friendly chant there of â€Å"Oh, it’s so Japaneasy,† when Nakamura gets the ball makes a welcome change from the racist chants that are otherwise heard in football. His football shirt had become the favourite new buy amongst Children in Glasgow, and they have welcomed him as one of their own, so that: The Japanese midfielder revealed in the pages of the official club magazine, The Celtic View, that he would even contemplate extending his contract with the Hoops, such is the manner in which he has acclimatized to life in the West of Scotland. (Soccerphile Ltd, 2000) In a 1995 England vs. Republic of Ireland friendly match in Dublin saw considerable trouble from hard core group of right wingers, including the BNP and Combat 18 groups. They chanted anti-republican songs that led to such bad fights that the game was actually called off, only half an hour later. Research into such things brings to light the cultural nature of racism in football. It comes out in ways that depend on the wider culture that it is within. Clearly the long history of trouble between Eire and England is the background to the 1995 scenes. In a habit that is similar that outlined in Italy where the northerners call the southerners blacks there is also a tendency towards antagonism between the North and South of England. The chant: â€Å"I’d rather be a Paki than a scouse (Liverpudlian)† is sometimes used by the fans of some southern teams playing against Liverpool. Tim Crabbe, principle lecturer in sport sociology at Britain’s Sheffield Hallam University notes the significance of using such race related words: These insults only work because of the stigma that these racial groups still suffer in the minds of large swathes of white European society. As such, race often stands on the sidelines, ready to be mobilized in circumstances where it is deemed appropriate within the ritualized abuse of a football game (UNESCO, 2000) Dramatic incidents like these focused the public’s attention, and attracted widespread debate in the media about the role of racism among certain groups of supporters and about violence and hooliganism. It is perhaps not surprising therefore that most studies of racism in football tend to concentrate either on the nature and extent of racist abuse in and around football stadiums (Holland 1992a, 1992b, 1995), or are preoccupied with the recruitment activities of extreme right-wing movements (CCS 1981; Leeds Trades Council 1988; Waters 1988). In addition a number of writers have analysed the phenomenon of the growing presence of black players in football, notably Cashmore (1983, 1990), Woolnough (1983), Hill (1989) and Vasili (1994). While most studies have focused on the issue of fan behaviour, racism is apparent at other levels. Football racism Theories In terms of scholastic writing and in the minds of the general public, racism in football is often associated with the hostile behaviour of groups of hooligans in and around the stadium (Holland 1992a, 1992b, 1995, Garland and Rowe, 2001; Back et al 1999; Jones, 2002). Nevertheless, it has been acknowledged by Brown (1998) that racism exists amongst ordinary soccer fans, players and even amongst referees and coaches (King, 2004). Racism has also been identified amongst referees and coaches and in the institutional regions of football associations such as executive committees of football clubs (Back et al., 1999). Further to this point, a number of writers have analysed the phenomenon of the growing presence of black players in football, in particular Cashmore (1983, 1990), Woolnough (1983), Hill (1989) and Vasili (1994). Although, most studies have concentrated on the issue of fan behaviour, racism is evident at other levels. Authors such as Back, Crabbe and Solomus, (1999) have indicated that the majority of the literature on racism in football overlooks the issue by reducing the problem to a clearly identifiable, overt form in which everyone can recognise as racist behaviour. A prime example would be racist hooligan groups (Back et al., 1999). They suggest instead that racism in football should be considered as a part of global football culture. Interestingly, Back et al. (2001) recognised that identifying racism is a more complex than task than originally perceived. They identified that there lies four domains in which racism can be measured in football culture. These can be identified as the ‘the vernacular’, ‘the occupational’, ‘the institutional’ and ‘the culture industry’. The ‘vernacular’ domain relates to those forms of racist behaviour which can be identified by society as a negative form of abuse within football. These problems include explicit racist chanting amongst fans. This also includes local rivalries which can be identified as a form of ‘neighbourhood nationalism’ (Long, 2000) which can lead to racist behaviours within and outside the stadiums (Crabbe, 2004). An example of this is the 1995 England vs. Republic of Ireland friendly match in Dublin which saw considerable trouble from hard core group of right wingers. The second domain which has been identified is the ‘occupational domain’ which concentrates on the forms of racism players experience at their football clubs. These can include experiences on the training ground and in the chaning rooms. Racist actions which can also be identified in this domain include the process of ‘stacking’ players in certain positions which comply with historic racial folk law views of successful positions for some for ethnic minorities (Maguire, 1991) EXAMPLE The ‘institutional’ arena involves the administration and management of the football. Racial issues which arise from the institutional domain include a lack of access for ethnic minorities towards decision making and policies and at the club. racialized patterns of club ownership, and a lack of representation of different ethnic groups on management and club boards. It also involves the shapes of social networks that can constitute racialized networks of patronage, which hinder access of certain minorities in football (Solomos and Back 1995 and Burdsey, 2004). This is reflected due to the growing number of black and ethnic players, emerging from professional football. It would be natural to think that this development would naturally transcend to the institutional forums of football. However, this has not had a significant impact on management, coaching or in the board rooms (Solomos and Back 1995). The fourth domain, ‘culture industry’, looks at racism involved in biased representations of football players from different ethnic backgrounds in the popular media and patterns of advertising and sponsorship that support them (Hernes, 2005). The four arenas of racialization in football mentioned above bring to light the different ways in which racial exclusion can occur within football. This shows that there has been a development on the notions of racism which illustrate that there is in fact more depth to the origins of racism compared to previous authors such as Williams (2001) who relate racism in football with hooliganism and violence. Therefore, this research has focussed on all the aspects of racism which have been identified in the literature. However, in particular finding out if the more covert forms of racism are existent at lower league football. Initiatives In addition, the Football Offences Act was passed in 1991 which criminalized racial chanting or abuse (Armstrong, 1998). Nevertheless, according to Welsh (1998), the undoubted racialized nature of the fan environment has resulted in â€Å"a generation of black people [having] been hounded out of football by overt racism† (p. xii). Emphasizing this point of a continuing racialized environment, he went on to ask, The Football unites, racism divides initiative (FURD), started in 1995 by some Sheffield United fans focuses on the issue of increasing the participation of people from ethnic minorities in football in a variety of ways. They note: It has long been the case that a number of fans have used Saturday afternoons at football matches to air their racial prejudices but it is now recognised that this minority of racist fans is only part of the problem. (FURD, 1997) They help make it clear that in order to decrease racism in football it is also necessary to get people from ethnic minorities involved, not just as fans, but also as players, mangers, etc. FURD indicates that the UK was the first country to try to tackle racism in football in an organised way. The ‘Let’s Kick Racism out of Football’ campaign was started in 1993, also the ‘Show Racism the Red Card’ came soon after. Now there is a Europe wide effort, the Football Against Racism in Europe (FARE) network. The Let’s Kick Racism Out of Football is now well established within the UK and aims to prevent racism through a variety of aspects. Kick  It Out works throughout the football, educational and community sectors to challenge racism and  work for  positive change. (Kick it out, 2007) They target Professional football players and clubs with advice, and try to get to Young people in schools and youth clubs. However, more specific to this research project, they also attempt to prevent racism within Amateur football, and so stop it growing into the professional side. They also, in conjunction with the most recent developments in combating racism in football try to help various Ethnic Minorities, especially Asians become involved with football. The (SIRC) notes two important points, that racism: an important factor in the problem of football hooliganism itself (SIRC, (2007). The actual extent of racism is virtually impossible to measure as detailed statistics in this context are almost non-existent. The issue of football hooliganism was better known, at least until recently in the UK. Of course it is a less contentious issue, as the vast majority of people can easily condemn it. When it comes to racist hooligan behaviour then the issue become that divisive. Since, it appears many in the UK still harbour racist attitudes in various ways. Another aspect of the literature that has informed the present study is the issue of right wing groups and racism. Groups like the BNP are often associated with racism in football. It is an issue to consider as to why the groups are attracted to each other: Some debate also exists as to whether right-wing groups deliberately target soccer fans as recruits or whether soccer fans are drawn into the groups because of the opportunities they offer for violence. (SIRC, 2007)It appears that some researchers think right wing groups do deliberately target football fans. Others think that they are opportunist and use violence as a way to direct aggression against those they see as their enemies, i.e. ethnic minorities Types of Racism A study in 1999 by Jon Garland and Michael Rowe attempted to consider three aspects of racism in football and efforts made to combat it: the conflation of racism with `hooliganism; the role of antiracist campaigns within the game; and the denial of the problem of racism within football. (Garland and Rowe, 1999: 335). They suggest that although the various efforts by fans and clubs are good, they lack an academic rigor in the way that defines racism and other important concepts. This is not just academic nit picking, but something that actually affects real efforts. For instance there is often too much attention paid to large scale, obvious examples of racism, such as a group of fans self consciously giving the Nazi salute. This at the expense of more subtle examples of racism at the everyday level. They suggest that these everday forms of racism are actually more harmful to individuals because of the impact on their ordinary lives which can cause psychological upset in a way that is, though hard to quantify, deeply felt. Garland and Rowe note that initiatives would benefit from having more sociological thinking behind them: Adopting these perspectives at the local level would help both clubs and fans to develop and sustain more meaningful programmes that suit the prevailing conditions. (Garland and Rowe, 1999: 335). Overt racism among supporters and abuse directed at black players, both of which flourished in the 1970s and 1980s, have declined steeply in recent years in the face of vociferous public campaigning such as the kick it out campaign. EXAMPLE – JOHN BARNES However, Crabbe, (2004) goes on to note that the underlying negative feelings against black players appears to still be there. Also, that, unfortunately in other European countries it is not even implicit EXAMPLE LEWIS HAMILTON 2008. The racism is still very much explicit and in your face. He notes the singing of chants like Get out, get out, queers, niggers, Basques and Catalans in Spain and anti-Semitic slogans written on club walls in Italy. In addition, some researchers think that there has been something of a return to racist behaviour in football in the last few years. (Cowley 2003) comments on the possible cause of this: the present rise stems partly from the growth of racism within society generally The present war on terror has brought about increased suspicion, hatred and outright hostility to Muslim communities in Britain. (Cowley, 2003: 55) Statistics in 2000 from the Football League national fan survey sagest that three out of ten of fans had heard racist remarks aimed at players in the 1999/2000 season. 7% had seen racism towards other fans. These figures are very similar for the FA Premier League. only 4% of all FA Premier League fans surveyed thought racism was getting worse at football matches at that level in 2001. Although, half way through 2001 apparently racially motivated organised groups of fans and others were involved in serious disturbances in Oldham before the Oldham Athletic v Stoke City match. This appeared to be the catalyst which caused disturbances later in northern cities to ethnic minorities who retaliated to these supporters and racist organisations (Williams, 2001). Inconspicuous forms of Racism The focus on different cultural domains and interactions outlined above has particular consequences for the way racist behaviour is understood, and its reproduction theorized. Overt and instantly recognisable racist acts can no longer be taken as shorthand to classify a person as belonging to a deviant group of soccer fans that is characterized by moral degeneration (that is, racist/hooligans). As (Garland and Row, 1999) state, they should rather be seen as expressions of a larger racialized culture of Football. Therefore, the solution to understanding racism does not lie solely in the study of the content, consequences and intentions behind the overt racist act itself. Interestingly it also requires taking into account the cultural context in which such acts become meaningful expressions (Miles, 1997). Further to this point Miles (1997) declared that the cultural context of racism is repeated through continued development of Racialization, which are contained in the unobtrusive, sub-conscious ins and outs of everyday life. These everyday endeavours can range from a simple joke about black players in the changing room to differential racist expectations on the training grounds and the development of mono-ethnic sub-groups of players within mixed soccer clubs and teams (King, 2004). These practices do not necessarily produce overtracism, nor may people identify these expressions with that of a racialized nature. However, by reproducing a racialized situation they are in fact, fuelling the catalyst for overt racist abuse to occur in meaningful ways. Since the potential for meaningful expressions of racism lies in sets of racialized practices and interactions of wider soccer culture, the usual focus on the perpetrator and victim of the racist act needs to be complemented with a similar rigorous attention for the culture in which the act was expressed. Racialization implies a set of differentially racialized cultural contexts it also constitutes a move away from the common assumption that such a context is formed by a single, coherent racist ideology. Instead, it allows for an understanding of the contradictions and incoherencies within and between the expressions of racism in different domains of soccer culture. For example, white soccer fans can racially abuse black players of the opposite team Whilst supporting those on their own team, (Garland and Rowe, 1999) and racist abuse is also common between different non-white ethnic groups and in situations where the white majority is underrepresented (King, 2004). Institutional Racism in football? Back et al (2001) interestingly made some intriguing observations when invited to a Carling No.1 Panel of Chair of the Football Supporters’ Association. The first was that not only did this setting reflect traces of middle or upper class and status but ‘white centredness within the institutions of football more generally’ (Back et al. 2001, p. 162). It is in these exact places, where political decisions, footballing rumours, policies and job opportunities are instigated. During the visit to this setting, Back et al. noted that there was not one ethnic minority descendent sited at the location. Therefore if the most influential people in British football do not have a true representation of society (in this case people of ethnic minority who work in the footballing industry). These boards claim that their decisions are based on holistic approaches which benefit everyone at their establishment. However, if there is no diversity in at the top level of decision making, how can there be a fair conclusion in policies which embodies everyone involved in the game? This proves that the old-boy network is still active and is continuing to work along racial lines (Rimer, 1996). Back et al (1996) go on to state that it is: â€Å"easy for everyone to support a campaign against racism in football when it is targeted against pathologically aggressive, neo-Nazi thugs. It might prove a little more tricky to generate football-wide support if we were to start asking questions about the attitudes in the boardroom, on the pitch, and in the training gro

Ringler Associates Essay -- Business, Customer Service

Ringler Associates is the world’s oldest and largest settlement annuity firm. Created by locally based experts providing personal service, the company has offices in major litigation centers in the U.S., and in London. From its founding, Ringler Associates took the partnership approach to building a team of professionals. Therefore, every Ringler Consultant is an independent owner and thus highly motivated to exceed customer expectations. This tradition of independence and entrepreneurship has inspired numerous innovations at Ringler, including the incorporation of various types of trust concepts in the structured settlement proposal. Ringler consultants also pioneered the use of sophisticated damage analysis and life care plans in structured settlements, which better define both the needs and costs for the injured person’s future care. From its founding, Ringler Associates took the partnership approach to building a team of professionals. Therefore, every Ringler cons ultant is an independent owner and thus highly motivated to exceed customer expectations. Structured settlements are a Life Insurance product. Structures pay out to claimants as do annuities, in a payment stream. The difference is that these annuities are only available to parties that have been injured in a personal injury accident or a workers’ compensation accident. The key component of a structured settlement is that all of the interest that is earned is NOT taxable; this is different than most investments which are tax differed. Ringler is the 800-pound gorilla in the structured settlement industry. Within Ringler, there are 60 offices in the major metropolitan cities with 130 brokers across the country. There are an estimated 400 brokers total in the indu... ...ofitability to drop to kick the board into gear. Ringler needs to be proactive and not reactive. Innovation moves to fast to be reactionary. I have setup a meeting with the board, details of which I shall not bore you with, but it was an incredible arduous process. I am going to make very near the same presentation that I gave in class. Of course, I will leave out the part about the â€Å"borg†. I will present to the board that Ringler needs an innovation team. One that is made up of the people of Ringler for the people of Ringler. If I present the team in a way that will not threaten the board, I believe I can get it passed. As you said, to change the culture of a company is a very hard thing to do. I feel with the skills and ideas that I have learned in this class, I will try to be proactive and effect change on inertia before Ringler enters the death rattle. Ringler Associates Essay -- Business, Customer Service Ringler Associates is the world’s oldest and largest settlement annuity firm. Created by locally based experts providing personal service, the company has offices in major litigation centers in the U.S., and in London. From its founding, Ringler Associates took the partnership approach to building a team of professionals. Therefore, every Ringler Consultant is an independent owner and thus highly motivated to exceed customer expectations. This tradition of independence and entrepreneurship has inspired numerous innovations at Ringler, including the incorporation of various types of trust concepts in the structured settlement proposal. Ringler consultants also pioneered the use of sophisticated damage analysis and life care plans in structured settlements, which better define both the needs and costs for the injured person’s future care. From its founding, Ringler Associates took the partnership approach to building a team of professionals. Therefore, every Ringler cons ultant is an independent owner and thus highly motivated to exceed customer expectations. Structured settlements are a Life Insurance product. Structures pay out to claimants as do annuities, in a payment stream. The difference is that these annuities are only available to parties that have been injured in a personal injury accident or a workers’ compensation accident. The key component of a structured settlement is that all of the interest that is earned is NOT taxable; this is different than most investments which are tax differed. Ringler is the 800-pound gorilla in the structured settlement industry. Within Ringler, there are 60 offices in the major metropolitan cities with 130 brokers across the country. There are an estimated 400 brokers total in the indu... ...ofitability to drop to kick the board into gear. Ringler needs to be proactive and not reactive. Innovation moves to fast to be reactionary. I have setup a meeting with the board, details of which I shall not bore you with, but it was an incredible arduous process. I am going to make very near the same presentation that I gave in class. Of course, I will leave out the part about the â€Å"borg†. I will present to the board that Ringler needs an innovation team. One that is made up of the people of Ringler for the people of Ringler. If I present the team in a way that will not threaten the board, I believe I can get it passed. As you said, to change the culture of a company is a very hard thing to do. I feel with the skills and ideas that I have learned in this class, I will try to be proactive and effect change on inertia before Ringler enters the death rattle.

An Idiot’s Guide to an Easier College Experience Essay

When people are in high school the only class in which they have to do any significant amount of writing is their English class. Subsequently, the only type of paper that most people are well versed in writing when they get to college is a paper for an English class. This would be fine except for the fact that when one gets to college they are asked to write for a variety of different classes. These could range from your standard English class to a proof for a Math class to a scientific lab report for a Biology class. All of the writings for these different classes require different formats, styles, and languages. If writers do not know these different styles and languages then they will have a much more difficult time being successful in their college career. Knowing these different styles and languages will help the writer to develop a sense of their own rhetorical awareness. If they have a sense of this awareness then they will be better equipped to write to their intended audienc e or discourse community. It is significant for student writers to be aware of and understand both what rhetorical awareness is and what a discourse community is because it will make their college experience easier and help them to attain better grades on papers for classes other than English. The first thing that student writers needs to be able to do in order for them to write for a discipline that they are not entirely familiar with, is to have at least a cursory knowledge of what a discourse community is, and what discourse community that they are writing for. In the hand out â€Å"Discourse Community Map† by Sylvia Morales, English Professor at Sacramento State University, a Discourse Community is defined as â€Å"a group of people who share a particular way of communicating and/or using language that follows certain rules and patterns† (1). In laymen’s terms if two people are part of the same discourse community then they will most likely think relatively alike. They may share many of the same beliefs. They may have similar values. Also they will most assuredly be interested in many of the same things. In academia a discourse community would most often exist among people that belong to different academic  disciplines. So it stands to reason that student writers needs to be able to communicate or write using the same type of language as the discourse community that they are trying to write for. For this reason it is extremely important for student writers to be able to know what a discourse community is and how it differs from the other discourse communities that it might interact with. Being able to identify a discourse community can sometimes be a daunting task. It is not always completely clear-cut. Very often it can be difficult to identify a discourse community because it may be quite similar to other discourse community. There can be small differences that make a big impact on the discourse community. In the article â€Å"Discourse C ommunities† by Gary D. Schmidt and William J. Vande Kopple it says, â€Å"sometimes people from different discourse communities focus on different aspects of the same object or general phenomenon† (1). The two groups are similar in that they are focused on the same object but it is the slight differences on how they focus on the object that makes them part of a different discourse community. One of the easiest ways that a student a writer might help themselves correctly identify a discourse community would be to first ask how do certain discourse communities communicate with each other. Are they only interested in cold hard facts, or do they appreciate discussions about their opinions. Next the writer should ask himself or herself what is the main purpose of the different groups in question. Also it will be helpful to student writers to figure out what claims are these certain groups of people making. Identifying these claims will go a long way in helping the writer determine what are the core values of the different groups. Once a student write has identified what discourse community they are dealing with, then they can begin to decide exactly what would be the best way for them to go about communicating to members of this discourse community. This would lead the writer to the next significant aspect of writing that they need to be aware of in order to have an easier time in college and achieve better scores on their various college writing assignments. Once the writer has correctly identified the discourse community that they are writing for then they need to know the best way to effectively communicate their ideas to the members of this community. This would be where rhetorical awareness comes into play. In their article â€Å"Rhetoric† Gary Schmidt and William J. Vande Kopple define rhetoric as â€Å"the  art of using language to have desired effects on people† (1). For the purpose of their article they were focusing on the written word. They simplify it by saying that it is â€Å"es sentially a matter of choice at all stages of the writing process—from the time when writers decide how to organize an essay to the time when they select individual words† (Schmidt et al. 1). So rhetorical awareness is knowing how to use certain words to get a desired effect, and knowing exactly what effect that the writer is going to solicit from the reader. This is a skill that needs to be developed. It is not something that can be learned overnight. However, it is a skill that if mastered can help student writers have a much easier time in college and earn much better grades on the papers that they write. Different kinds of rhetorical awareness strategies need to be learned and implemented for all of the various types of writing that student writers have to be competent in. For instance, if a student writer were dealing with a scientific discourse community then they would most likely want to choose language and a tone that was more scientific. This would include a fair amount of technical terms and scientific jargon. They would want to discuss only the things that can be proved through research and experimentation. They might choose to insert charts or graphs to illus trate their points. Also they would most likely want to keep their writing succinct. For example, in the article Effects of Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids on Adhesion and on Gene Expression of Extra cellular Matrix Macromolecules in Human Osteoblast-like Cell Cultures by Estella Musacchio, Giovanna Priante, Alessandro Budakovic, and Bruno Baggio, the writers use most if not all of the rhetorical choices that a reader should expect to find in a piece of writing that is extremely scientific in nature. The tone of this writing is extremely scientific, and there is a large amount of jargon. They write things such as â€Å"semi quantitative comparative kinetic RT-PCR with COLI, FN, and TGF-B specific primers was performed using G3PDH as a housekeeping gene† (Musacchio et. al 35). Now most people would not have any clue what this means, but a member of a scientific discourse community would, and they would appreciate this as a well-written sentence. This article also has multiple graphs and charts that help to illustrate the points that the writing is making. A good d eal of this writing has to do with the experiments that the writer did. This is important for people pf the scientific discourse community because it lets  them know that the research was sound and it could be repeated. Also the writing in this article is succinct and to the point. Lastly, it is organized in such a way that it is easy for the reader to know what each section is pertaining to. If a student writer were producing a piece of work for a member of a scientific discourse community and they choose to implement these types of rhetorical strategies, as long as their research was sound, it should go along way in helping to insure that they received a good score on the paper. In contrast, if a student writer were producing a piece of persuasive writing then they would want to take a much different approach. They would want to use more colorful language. They would want to use words that grab the reader’s attention. They might choose to use anecdotes or first hand accounts from people that would help to illustrate the point that the writer i s trying to make. For example, in the article Invalid Corps by COL R. Gregory Lande, MC USA Retired uses many of the rhetorical choices that you often find in a well-written piece of persuasive writing. In the article the writer grabs his readers attention right from the very beginning by quoting a famous Roman statesman and philosopher. The quote that he uses is â€Å"no man can be brave ho thinks pain is the greatest evil† (Lande 525). He also uses a first hand account form a solider that shows how useful members of the Invalid Corp could be. The solider wrote in his journal about how several regiments of the Invalid Corp help to repel a desperate attack on Washington D. C. by the Confederate Army (Lande 527). If a student writer were to use the same types of rhetorical strategies then it should help them to receive a better grade on any pieces of persuasive writing that they might have to produce for any of the their college courses. Student writers should not expect that just because they become adept at being able to identify and communicate with different discourse communities that college will be a breeze. Also they should not expect that just because they might be able to perfect the art of rhetorical awareness that they will pass every class. They should not expect this because doing well in college is about more than this. In fact, in the book Academic Writing: Genres, Samples, and Resources by Mary Kay Mulvaney and David A. Jolliffe the authors talk about how some of the biggest challenges that in coming  college students have to face are learning how to budget their time and how do find an effective way to deal with stress ( ). College is one of the most fun and exciting times in a young persons life. However college can also be one of the most challenging and stressful times in a young person life. The top things that most college students stress about are the papers that they have to write and the grades that they receive. What incoming college students writers need to realize is that there are steps that they can take form the very beginning of their college careers that will go a long way in helping them to get through college with a significantly lower amount of stress and anxiety. If incoming student writers learn to identify what discourse communities they are writing for, and if they are able to learn how to make wise rhetorical choice then they will receive better grades on their writing assignments. If they receive higher grades on their writing assignments then it stands to reason that they will receive high grades in their classes overall. If they receive higher grades in their class then their college career will go by a lot more easily. Works Cited Jolliffe, David A., and Mary K. Mulvaney. Academic Writing : Genres, Samples, and Resources. New York: Longman Group, 2004. Lande, Gregory. â€Å"Invalid Corps.† Military Medicine 173 (2008): 525-28. Morales, Sylvia E. Discourse Community Map. Musacchio, Estella, Giovanna Priante, Alessandro Budakovic, and Bruno Baggio. â€Å"Effects of Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids on Adhesion and on Gene Expression of Extracellular Matrix Macromolecules in Human Osteoblast-like Cell Cultures.† Informa Health 2007: 34-38. Schmidt, Gary D., and William J. Vande Kopple. Communities of Discourse: The Rhetoric of Disciplines. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1993. 1. Schmidt, Gary D., and William J. Vande Kopple. Communities of Discourse: The Rhetoric of Disciplines. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1993. 1.

Biometrics Identification Attendance Monitoring System Essay

Technology plays an important role in our society because of modernization. One that makes the daily activities of organizations more convenient is the use of technology. The internet that is really abundant today for handling information, web-based applications are some example of this and Information Technology (IT) is a big help to many companies. To resolve the problems encountered in the daily processes as well as to make their company effective and competitive. â€Å"Business Analytics† is a continuous iterative exploration that refers to the technology, application, processes and a fact based management to driven decision making. Philippine Auto Components, Inc. was established in the Philippines in 1995. The company is a part of DENSO Corporation Japan, which is the leading company in automotive technology components in the world. The products are car air-conditioning and heating systems, electrical automotive and electronic control products, filters, fuel management systems, instrument panel clusters and radiators. PAC is certified as ISO 14001 in August 1998 for it regards the preservation of natural resources and international and environmental standard. The company have the mission to contribute to the better world by creating value together with a vision for future. It’s Vision to become the top design engineering who totally develop Electronic automobile technology. Its philosophy, such as Customer satisfaction to quality products and services, Global Growth through anticipation of change, Environmental Preservation and harmony with society and Corporate vitality and respect for individuality. The organization works the spirit of having teamwork, as One for All, All for One†. The policy in the manufacturing as 3M- Minimum space, stock, investment; 3N- No defect received, produced, delivered; 3S- speed, simple, s. o. p and 3Z- Zero emission, variance, accident. The principles of HR to their employees to motivate them to work with encouragement by fully concentrating with their capabilities, to recruit, assign, retain, and develop competitive workers with creative power and fair HR management policies to gain for DENSO recognition in both community and associates. Since they expanded last year, they will focus on recruitment of new employees and maintaining the performances of their current workers. Because of this they exceed more time and focus for the HR Personnel to generate reports about the employees, the applicants as well as the supervisors. In the recruitment process, there are applicants that will have an exam once they submitted their resume in the company; applicant wait hours while screening of their resume which is checked by HR Personnel. Applicants who passed the exam will be informed through phone for scheduled interview and requirements. Usually applicants wait months with the result. When an employee requests a sick leave, he/she is required to fill up explanatory form. Before request leave acceptance, he is required to submit medical certification for the updating signed by concerned Officers for HR archiving and verification. Ailing personnel is considered unfit to work. Meanwhile, the supervisors have several tasks to accomplish also and the top priority is the work for the flow of the production. They should go to the designation area of the supervisors and employees to update records correcting inconsistencies accomplishing this with given deadline. HR has other reports to be done apart from this. Through cooperation and time management the process with the HR, it should be easier for them to handle. We focused our study on the HR department about their current process in the recruitment, evaluation and filling leave by the employees as well as the reports for the HR. The researchers want to contribute to the improvement of the processes through this study. The Philippine Auto Components, Inc. is one of the companies that want improvement, in their office because they encountered inconveniency. The main objective of the study is to develop efficiently the current process of Human resources of Philippine Auto Component, Inc. Specifically, the study aims to achieve the following: 1. To determine the problem with regards to data rendering of Human Resources. 2. To determine the issues with regards to generating reports of Employees Information. 3. To address accurately the information for the Human Resources related decision. 4. To speed up the process of monitoring the records in recruitment, job evaluation and performance, leave request and employees’ information. 5. To provide a system that can be effective, accurate, reliable, user friendly and secure. 6. To improve the reports and employees information being mishandled that leads to the lost of data and errors in records. Conceptual Framework The researchers used a paradigm structure to support the fundamental principles of the study. A paradigm is a pattern or a model that corresponds to the real world of processes on what the researchers have gathered. It guides the development of the study regarding what the proponents want to improve for the satisfaction among the persons involved in this study. The figure shows the paradigm that is based upon the process in the Human Resource Department or the office. The paradigm has the Input, Process and Output that will guide the researchers for the development of the automation in some HR processes. INPUTPROCESSOUTPUT Figure 1. Conceptual Framework The figure shows the process inside the HR that the information about the employee, applicants and even the supervisors are being recorded. The employees information like their leave request, their performances in their designated jobs including the personal information and which the department they belong to. The applicants’ information with the flow of recruitment and their training are also being input. The supervisors are also being evaluated by the employees. This will be processed and have an output of the reports in evaluations of three, the absence calculations and the lists of the current employees and newly hired as well as the applicants’ information and list. Significance of the Study Prior to the advent of computerization, data is processed manually. However, in the past few decades, the computer and electronic technology has been incorporated into almost every aspect of our lives. They now play a big role in the lives of people and assist them in taking care of files and documents. Today, there is probably no better indication of how technologically advance is the society than a computerization process. Nowadays, computers have become the base technology that enables the people to tap information resources as the fast growing industry of the internet. Great help will be provided for the company Philippine Auto Components, Inc. in terms of trends in Information System, thus, improving the HR functions and benefits as the delivery of services within the organization. The following are the beneficiaries: Company. The Philippine Auto Components, Inc. will benefit because they can save materials like papers and inks as part of their cost in the operation of the company, especially they can now have strategic planning to be more competitive advantages instead on focusing to the manual process that HR has. The company will remove the barrier between the branches or other department. HR Personnel. Can give less effort in the report, target deadlines are being done before the date, eliminates human errors, save time, the leave and absences made by the employees are monitored as well as the communication between the applicants and employee is more convenient. The possible loss of information is less. Supervisors. Accurate and up to date leave reporting and a real-time tracking of leave will generate the system. They are easily informed about the leave request and handling of approval and disapproval will not disturb their other work activities within the company. Employees. Can easily file a leave request without filling up many forms like explanation slip, and they can monitor and aware of their allotted leave such as sick leave and vacation leave. They can work in a fair environment. Their performances are also shown for they will be in the sense of improving their jobs and have a goal to do task well managed and be an asset to the company. Applicants. Hiring within the company is easily being known by the applicants and they will prefer online applications than traditional walk-in job hunting which is time consuming and costly. The announcement online will benefit them, for they can easily apply for what exact job they are looking for. The follow-up Interview schedule through email would be better than waiting for a phone call. Researchers. This will help the future researchers to use this as their reference in their study as well as the programming language being used. This will aid them in enriching their study and will serve as a source of their related literature. Scope and Limitation This study will focus on the HR functions in the company, Philippine Auto Components, Inc. and is intended to eliminate the common problems encountered by the current process of the organization. The information about the current employees, applicants as well as the supervisors will be input to the system. The employees can request a leave which is being approved by the supervisor with the use of the system. Employees can also monitor their allotted leave and performances in their jobs. Applicants can follow-up scheduled interviews through the notification in the HR admin who uses the system. They can also view hiring position within the company. HR can monitor the training of the newly hired employees. The information list of employees in their classification belonged to like contractual, under probationary, regular employees and on the job trainees are also being monitored. The allotted or remaining absence or leave will be monitored by the employee. The performances of employees being evaluated by the supervisor and the applicants’ information are being updated by the HR Personnel. The system offers reports like list of employees, list of applicants, leave monitoring and evaluation reports among the employees. There is a communication between the employee and the HR department and employees can also suggest some ideas to the management. The system does not cover the inventory of all the materials inside the company, cannot compute the sales of the company, do not monitor the prices of the product, cannot monitor trucking and shipping of the products and cannot make purchase order. Definition of Terms Online. A computer-related application that uses an internet connection to be access by the users of the system to communicate easier and faster among the people involved in the institution. It helps the organization to gain more competitive advantages. Company. This is the working environment that has one goal in achieving their vision in terms of business and customer services depending on their products. Organization. It is the groups of people in the company that are involved in the process of Human Resources and needed to have the full attention with regards to the data handling. I. S. Information System. System that help the current process to be more accurate, efficient, secured, user friendly and make their work and day to day operation be more convenient. HRIS. Human Resource Information System. System that develop to collect, process, store and distribute information applying to the policies and process of the Human Resource Management. HRM. Human Resource Management. It encompasses the recruitment, records, leave reports and other information that provides a safe and fair environment in the company. HR Personnel. Person who are responsible in the Human Resource in the current process. HR Department. The persons who are involved in the data reports, recruitment, evaluation and the whole Human Resource process in the company. Supervisors. The head officer of each department in the company that implement the rules and regulations of the company, communicating to the HR for the better flow of the employees’ job, be motivated and guides them for their leave request. Employees. The persons who work within the company’s premises. Applicant. The people who seek job vacancies in the company to have a work and be stable to the day to day life. Leave Request. The employees need to file when in sick, emergency, even maternity and paternity leave covered on period of the date. Computerization. It is the process of applying technology in the paper handling materials for betterment of the organizations’ tasks in the company. Paradigm. A pattern that will help the researchers to overview the covered processes of the HR on what are should be the input data and the accurate output of the system. Quantitative Data. It express the data’s certain amount or range. It makes sense to set boundary limits to such data and it is also meaningful to apply arithmetic operations to data. Quantitative research. This is a technique like surveys whose findings may be expressed numerically and can be computed through mathematical manipulation. That will help the researchers to estimate the future events or quantities. Lickert Scale. It is the way to measure the mean figure responses and evaluate a study through questionnaire using decrement value (Strongly Agree, Agree, Neither, Disagree and Strongly Disagree). Iterative Waterfall. The focus is on delivering a sprint of work as opposed to a series of valuable/shippable features.

Inspiration and Advice About Divorce

Inspiration and Advice About Divorce You must have heard the famous proverb, The road to hell is paved with good intentions. All marriages are fraught with problems. Show me a perfect match, and I will show you the worlds greatest illusion. So if you are getting out of the marriage because it did not work out the way you envisioned your perfect life to be, wake up to the real world. Divorce Affects the Whole Family If  there seems to be no chance of reconciliation, divorce may be  inevitable. A relationship devoid of love is no relationship at all. If your spouse and you have decided to go ahead with the divorce, you need to make sure to handle the breakup sensitively. Not just assets and money are at stake; your near and dear ones are also going to bear the brunt of the breakup. Hence, keeping your emotions at a neutral level, you need to ensure that others are not hurt by your decision. Divorce will have an irreversible impact on your family. Children and even ​pets go through emotional upheaval and mental trauma. You need to treat them with great sensitivity, keeping their interest and well-being in mind. Whether you choose to move to a new house, city, or town, make sure that your family does not suffer due to a change of surroundings. Shake Off the Post-Divorce Gloom If divorce has affected you, take some time off work to heal yourself. Join a yoga class, learn a new  language, go out with friends, or even rekindle your childhood hobbies. The loneliness after separation may initially seem unbearable, but be optimistic about moving on. Remind yourself that you are now in control of your life, and you will depend only on yourself for your happiness. Don’t feel guilty about the divorce. Accept your mistakes, and be generously forgiving of yourself. There is no point living in self-pity or condemnation. How to Cope With Loneliness If you are feeling low, read these quotes about moving on. Vent your sadness with sad love quotes. Hang out with friends who are supportive and caring. Make new friends, even though you dont feel ready for a commitment. Dont feel guilty about having fun. You are entitled to happiness, just as everyone else is. Renew Your Life With Optimism Divorce may be the end of a relationship, but it could also open avenues for new relationships. You  also have the chance to reinvent yourself. Take this opportunity to learn more about yourself. Reflect on your life and past mistakes. If you are moving into a new relationship, learn lessons from your previous relationships. Dont carry the baggage of old memories into your new relationship. They can only add to your woes. Instead of living on regrets and nostalgia, look ahead with optimism and dreams. Get inspired to challenge your limits and aim high. Your enthusiasm can help renew your life. Use these divorce quotes as good counsel. You may not be able to undo your past or avoid the divorce, but you can at least ensure that your future relationships don’t suffer in the same way. These divorce quotes provide you with adequate food for thought along with some invaluable insight on relationships. Quotes Robert Anderson: In every marriage more than a week old, there are grounds for divorce. The trick is to find, and continue to find, grounds for marriage. Walt Whitman: Re-examine all you have been told. Dismiss what insults your soul. Mark Gungor, Laugh Your Way to a Better Marriage: Marriage problems are relationship problems, they are the result of how two people interact with each other. You may abandon a troubled marriage, but you will still bring the way you interact with others along with you. Nora Ephron: Marriages come and go, but divorces are forever. Christina Aguilera: My parents divorce and hard times at school, all those things combined to mold me, to make me grow up quicker. And it gave me the drive to pursue my dreams that I wouldnt necessarily have had otherwise. Evan Esar: Divorce is the price people play for playing with matches. Rita Mae Brown: Divorce is the one human tragedy that reduces everything to cash. Helen Rowland: When two people decide to get a divorce, it isnt a sign that they dont understand one another, but a sign that they have, at last, begun to. Roseanne Barr: Take this marriage thing seriously it has to last all the way to the divorce. Zoe Stern: Divorce can sometimes be for the better. You may end up with happier parents, and you will definitely learn a lot about yourself! And thats the whole point of growing up. So if you think about it, there are reasons to be happy about this experience, if you can learn and grow from it. Jack Benny: My wife Mary and I have been married for forty-seven years and not once have we had an argument serious enough to consider divorce; murder, yes, but divorce, never. Suzanne Finnamore, Split: The snag about marriage is, it isnt worth the divorce. American Proverb: The easiest way to get a divorce is to be married. Helen Rowland: Nowadays love is a matter of chance, matrimony a matter of money, and divorce a matter of course. Gerald F. Lieberman: Divorce is a declaration of independence with only two signers. David Arquette: People that go through what I went through and people going through divorce, its really a difficult  process; its heartbreaking and it hurts really bad. It can really mess with your head. Joan Rivers: Half of all marriages end in divorce and then there are the really unhappy ones. Voltaire: Friendship is the marriage of the soul, and this marriage is liable to divorce. Al Goldstein: If you cannot work on the marriage or the women is a moron, staying married and cheating makes the most sense because divorce is disruptive to the family life and your bank account. Erica Jong: There is a rhythm to the ending of a marriage just like the rhythm of a courtship only backward. You try to start again but get into blaming over and over. Finally you are both worn out, exhausted, hopeless. Then lawyers are called in to pick clean the corpses. The death has occurred much earlier. Zsa Zsa Gabor: Getting divorced just because you dont love a man is almost as silly as getting married just because you do. Robert Conklin: Its not the situation. Its your reaction to the situation. Margaret Trudeau: It takes two to destroy a marriage. Gary Chapman: Divorce is the result of a lack of preparation for marriage and the failure to learn the skills of working together as teammates in an intimate relationship. Oliver Stone: Anybody whos been through a divorce will tell you that at one point theyve thought murder. The line between thinking murder and doing murder isnt that major. Jewish Proverb: When two divorced people marry, four people get into bed. Jennifer Weiner: Divorce isnt such a tragedy. A tragedys staying in an unhappy marriage, teaching your children the wrong things about love. Nobody ever died of divorce. Frank Pittman: Bad marriages dont cause infidelity; infidelity causes bad marriages. Ambrose Bierce: Divorce: a resumption of diplomatic relations and rectification of boundaries. Fred Rogers, Mister Rogers Talks With Parents: For a couple with young children, divorce seldom comes as a â€Å"solution† to stress, only as a way to end one form of pain and accept another. Joseph Campbell: When people get married because they think its a long-time love affair, theyll be divorced very soon, because all love affairs end in disappointment. But marriage is a recognition of a spiritual identity. Frank Pittman: Fidelity is the single most important element in solidly enduring marriages. Mary Kay Blakeley, American Mom: Divorce is the psychological equivalent of a triple coronary bypass. Margaret Atwood: A divorce is like an amputation: you survive it, but theres less of you.

’Risk is a term that is so broad in interpretation and context that any attempt to define it is futile and a form of ‘linguistic imperialism’ The WritePass Journal

’Risk is a term that is so broad in interpretation and context that any attempt to define it is futile and a form of ‘linguistic imperialism’ Introduction ’Risk is a term that is so broad in interpretation and context that any attempt to define it is futile and a form of ‘linguistic imperialism’ IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction What is a risk? According to the historical background, the term ‘risk’ takes his origin from the Arabic word risq or the Latin word riscum (Merna and Al-Thani, 2005). The Arabic risq means a chance with positive outcome. In opposite, the Latin riscum is an event with unfavourable issue. In the 17th  century, term reached Europe and meant ‘’in terms of good and bad fortune’’ (Wikipedia, 2010). In our days term `risk acquires a slightly changed meaning. Macmillan dictionary (2010) defines risk as ‘’the  possibility  that  something unpleasant  or  dangerous  might  happen’’. Another interpretation of this term was established by UK Association for Project Management (2006): ‘’risk is an uncertain event or set of circumstances which, should it  occur, will have an effect on the achievement of the projects objectives’’. In different walks of life risk has different meanings, with negative, positive or neutral effect. For instance, in the project management, many discussions and debates are conducted by scholars and researchers about using the term `risk. There is a tendency treat risk as  uncertainty (Perminova, et al., 2008). For fully understanding whether this treatment is correct or not, it is necessary to define term `uncertainty. According to Oxford dictionary (2010) uncertainty is ‘’something that you cannot be sure about; a situation that causes you to be or feel uncertain’’.  If consider term `uncertainty from angle of psychology, uncertainty is illuminated as ‘’a state of mind characterized by a conscious lack of knowledge about the outcomes of an event’’ (Perminova, et al., 2008). Variety studies about distinctions between risk and uncertainty exists in our days. Practitioners and researchers cannot to come to one sole resolution. As was mentioned above, risk is treated as uncertain event, and some researchers incline to transform risk management to uncertainty management (Ward and Chapman, 2003). Variety opinions about using terms ‘risk’ and ‘uncertainty’ and the reason of the transforming risk management to uncertainty management will be considered in this essay. In accordance with the article `A positive approach to risk requires person centred thinking risk is described as ‘’a futile form of linguistic imperialism’’ (Neill, et al., 2009). Risk in its popular usage is essential only for political and social decision making processes, not for risk analysis processes. Sven Ove Hansson (2005) agrees with the article, that risk is an ineffective form of linguistic imperialism. Also he thinks that in practice to define only single meaning of ‘risk’ is impossible. In spite of this, attempts at such linguistic imperialism are not uncommon. He explains his statement, that the term `risk may have different meanings dependently of the subject and situation, when risk is used. According to David Hilson and Murray-Webster (2007) risk has two characteristics: uncertainty and consequences. But risk ‘’is not the same as uncertainty’’; the key difference between these two notions ‘’arises from consideration of the consequences’’. Risk is an uncertainty that could influence one or more objectives, and authors present the example: a child will pass examination tomorrow with uncertain results, but these results are not important for other people. For them exam outcome is uncertainty, which is insignificant and therefore it cannot be pose as risk. Uncertainty about weather in Kazakhstan tomorrow also insignificant for most of people and so this too is not a risk. But if the child is a Kazakh and he was promised by his father to go to fishing trip if his exam results will be high, both uncertainties become major and significant in the context, and therefore they can be posed as risk. From this example it becomes understandable that ‘’there are some uncertainties that do not matter in the relevant context’’. Author states that linking risk with objectives clarifies that every aspect of life is risky. Also he affirms that this link is necessary to the risk management, ‘’since it is a prerequisite for identifying risks, assessing their significance and determining appropriate responses’’. In the book `Reducing Project Risk risks connects uncertainty with objectives. ‘’Risk is the effect of uncertainty on objectives, to be managed opportunity’’. Risk exists when probabilities of possible issues are known, and uncertainty has a place, when these probabilities are unknown (Kliem and Ludin, 1997). Halim A. Boussabaine and Richard J. Kirkham (2004) in the book Whole Life-cycle Costing also write that ‘’concept of risk deals with measurable probabilities while the concept of uncertainty does not’’. When event encounters with risk, probabilities can be developed, and when event encounters with uncertainty, probabilities cannot be defined. If probability cannot mathematically be expressed it is uncertainty, while risk can be calculated in terms of probability. Finkel (1990 cited in Merna and Al-Thani, 2005) distinguish risk and uncertainty as: risk is taken to have quantifiable attributes, and a place in the calculus of pr obabilities, whereas uncertainty does not. Above were shown differences between risk and uncertainty, and their characteristics. Now will be observed terms ‘risk’ and ‘uncertainty’ in project management. Stephen Ward and Chris Chapman (2003) believe that different definitions of term `risk create a problem of its equivocal use ‘’as a synonym of probability or chance in relation to an event or outcome’’. They cite on Oxford Dictionary, where risk is described as danger or probability of bad outcomes. Also they refer on definition of risk, which was published by the UK Association for Project Management, which was described above. In spite of considering risk as an event with positive or negative effects, risk frequently is treated as event with an undesirable issue. Risk has a negative effect, rather than positive, people predispose to consider only unfortunate probabilities (Neill, et al., 2009). Ward and Chapman incline treat risk in hazard terms and Project Risk Management as ‘’primarily threat management’’, and they suggest use the term `uncertainty management instead of `risk management. In their opinion, use term `uncertainty management is more preferable, as uncertainty management means analysing and understanding the root of project uncertainty without prejudice about what desired or not before managing it. Researchers propose to transform risk management to uncertainty management, as use the term uncertainty management can improve project management processes, and they suggest to start revising by using term `uncertainty every time instead of `lack of certainty. Mostly important in this revising of terms that focus will be concentrate on process, not in product. They suppose that project performance can be more modified and improved, if this revising will be accepted, as from their point of view risk management restricts the contribution to project performance, as is threat orientated and ‘’not readily focussed on sources of operational variability in the performance of organisational activities’’, when uncertainty management perspective more concentrates on project life cy cle stage. Perminova et al. (2008) incline to agree with the statement of Ward and Chapman and suggest developing and researching the question of transforming.   In their work term `uncertainty is defined ‘’as a context for risks as events having a negative impact on the projects outcomes, or opportunities, as events that have beneficial impact on project performance’’. Risk and uncertainty are not synonymous. They are cause and consequence. Risk is one of the involvements of uncertainty, it cannot treat as uncertainty. From their point of view risk is certain and known, where uncertainty is event unpredictable and unexpected. Project manager can foresee potential threat and can undertake appropriate measures. In situation of uncertainty it is not possible to compute risk, therefore risk is less dangerous than uncertainty. Planning of risks is a significant step of project management in order to prevent undesirable issue of the project. But defining of risks depends on abilities and skills of project manager to recognise possible threats. Also project manager should be able use own knowledge from previous experience in order to overcome uncertain situations. However, it is not always possible to recognise all risks in advance. That is why authors believe that planning is not enough instruments in managing risks. ‘’One can plan only what one knows for certain.’’ Risk managers plan and consider risks, but there are uncertainties, which cannot be considered and foresaw. As the Danish Nobel Prize-winning physicist Niels Bohr said: ‘’Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future’’, to foresee all possible outcomes are very difficult too or even impossible (Hilson and Murray-Webster, 2007). Development of project management abilities and skills is ‘’an essential part of understanding and managing uncertainty’’. If the organisation or firm want to perform and extent themselves, it is necessary to manage uncertainty if you do not have uncertainty, you do not have any evolution. Unfortunately, not all understand the importance of development of uncertainty management, because of lack understanding of definition of uncertainty. Perminova, Gustafsson and Wikstrom recommend continuing exploring uncertainty in order to develop project management. Another risk researcher Jack Dowie (1999) claims that term `risk is a ‘’obstacle to improved decision and policy making’’, and it does not matter if this term uses separately or with other terms. `Its multiple and ambiguous usages constantly exposes to threat of separation such tasks as identifying evidence and making value conclusions. He writes, citing on Walkers paper, that risk defiles all discussions of probability ‘’because of the implicit value judgement/s that the term always bring with it’’, just as it defiles all discussions of value estimate ‘’because of the implicit probability judgement/s that it contains’’. Also he states that instead of `risk decisions and `risk factors people should use simply `decisions and `factors. It is not essential to use these terms with the word `risk. Word `risk only prevent from making right decisions. Kaplan (1997 cited in Dowie, 1999) joins to his words. He sa ys: ‘’for [communication] to take place, it is crucial that we have words that we all understand and use in the same way’’. However, `risk is ‘’not one of those words and that attempts to clarify it are doomed’’. Eventually, Dowie identifies that `risk has not important meaning; therefore `risk should be avoided in using. Risk has no importance and significance in making decisions. He strictly argues against risk. There are many opinions and points of view about using term ‘risk. Ones say that this using confuse and prevent from making right decisions and they argue definitely against risk, others that risk should be considered in certain situation and dependently of the subject, and it is wrong to examine risk in common application, also some of researchers suggest to transform risk to uncertainty. However, all of them agree that this field of discussions still stay open and need to explore and develop until all researchers will come to the one sole agreement. In project management, confronting with risk problems, sometimes disconcerts and makes difficult to reach definite purpose and in the case of using term ‘risk’ it seems that Perminova, Gustafsson and Wikstrom have a right point of view to this topic, that risk management and utilizing term ‘risk’ are needed researching and further exploring. Examining and studying an area of using term ‘risk’ can help improve not only risk management, but the whole project management too (Perminova, et al., 2008). References Association for Project Management (2006). APM Body of Knowledge. 5th ed. High Wycombe: Association for Project Management. Boussabaine, H.A. and Kirkham, R.J. (2004). Whole life-cycle costing: risk and risk responses. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Dowie, J. (1999). Against risk. Risk decision and policy 4(1), 57-73. Hansson, S.O. (2005). Seven myths of risk. Risk Management: An International Journal 7(2), 7-17. Hilson, D. and Murray-Webster, R. eds. (2007). Understanding and managing risk attitude. 2nd ed. Aldershot: Gower. Kliem, R.L. and Ludin I.S. (1997). Reducing project risk. Hampshire: Gover Publishing Limited. Macmillan dictionary. (2010). Definitions risk [online]. Available from: macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/risk   [accessed 5 October 2010]. Merna, T. and Al-Thani, Faisal F. (2005). Corporate risk management: an organisational perspective. West Sussex: John Wiley sons, Ltd. Neill, M. et al. (2008). A positive approach to risk requires person centred thinking. Available from: puttingpeoplefirst.org.uk/_library/Resources/Personalisation/Personalisation_advice/A_Person_Centred_Approach_to_Risk.pdf [accessed 16 October 2010]. Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary. (2010). Definitions uncertainty [online]. Available from: oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/uncertainty [accessed 7 October 2010]. Perminova, O. et al. (2008). Defining uncertainty in projects – a new perspective. International Journal of Project Management 26(1), 73-79. Ward, S. and Chapman C. (2003). Transforming project risk management into project uncertainty management. International Journal of Project Management 21(2), 97-105. Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia. (2010). Definitions risk [online]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk [accessed 10 October 2010].

Definition and Examples of Indicative Mood in English

Definition and Examples of Indicative Mood in English In traditional English grammar, indicative mood is the  form- or  mood- of the verb used in ordinary statements: stating a fact, expressing an opinion, asking a question. The  majority of English sentences are in the indicative mood.  Also called (primarily in  19th-century grammars) indicative mode. In modern English,  as a result of the  loss of  inflections  (word endings), verbs are no longer marked to indicate mood. As  Lise Fontaine points out in  Analysing English Grammar: A Systemic Functional Introduction  (2013),  The third-person singular  in the indicative mood  [marked by  -s] is the only remaining source of mood indicators. There are three major moods in English: the indicative mood is used to make factual statements or pose questions, the imperative mood to express a request or command, and the (rarely used) subjunctive mood to show a wish, doubt, or anything else contrary to fact. EtymologyFrom the Latin, stating Examples and Observations (Film Noir Edition) The mood of the verb tells us in what manner the verb is communicating the action. When we make basic statements or ask questions, we use the indicative mood, as in I leave at five and Are you taking the car? The indicative mood is the one we use most often.(Ann Batko, When Bad Grammar Happens to Good People. Career Press, 2004)I caught the blackjack right behind my ear. A black pool opened up at my feet. I dived in. It had no bottom.(Dick Powell as Philip Marlowe, Murder, My Sweet, 1944)I dont mind if you dont like my manners, I dont like them myself. They are pretty bad. I grieve over them on long winter evenings.(Humphrey Bogart as Philip Marlowe, The Big Sleep, 1946)Joel Cairo: You always have a very smooth explanation.Sam Spade: What do you want me to do, learn to stutter?(Peter Lorre and Humphrey Bogart as Joel Cairo and Sam Spade, The Maltese Falcon, 1941)There are only three ways to deal with a blackmailer. You can pay him and pay him and pay him until you’re penniless . Or you can call the police yourself and let your secret be known to the world. Or you can kill him.(Edward G. Robinson as Professor Richard Wanley, The Woman in the Window, 1944) Betty Schaefer: Dont you sometimes hate yourself?Joe Gillis: Constantly.(Nancy Olson and William Holden as Betty Schaefer and Joe Gillis, Sunset Boulevard, 1950)She liked me. I could feel that. The way you feel when the cards are falling right for you, with a nice little pile of blue and yellow chips in the middle of the table. Only what I didn’t know then was that I wasn’t playing her. She was playing me, with a deck of marked cards . . ..(Fred MacMurray as Walter Neff, Double Indemnity, 1944)Personally, I’m convinced that alligators have the right idea. They eat their young.(Eve Arden as Ida Corwin, Mildred Pierce, 1945)The Traditional MoodsThe labels indicative, subjunctive, and imperative were applied to verb forms in traditional grammars, such that they recognized indicative verb forms, subjunctive verb forms, and imperative verb forms. Indicative verb forms were said to be true by the speaker (unmodalized statements) . . .. [I]t is better to regard mood as a non-inflectional notion. . . . English principally grammatically implements mood through the use of clause types or modal auxiliary verbs. For example, rather than say that speakers use indicative verb forms to make assertions, we will say that they typically use declarative sentences to do so.(Bas Aarts, Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2011) The Indicative and the SubjunctiveHistorically, the verbal category of Mood  was once important in the English language, as it still is today in many European languages. By distinct forms of the verb, older English was able to  discriminate between the Indicative Mood- expressing an event or state as a fact, and the Subjunctive- expressing it as a supposition. . . . Nowadays the Indicative Mood has become all-important, and the Subjunctive Mood is little more than a footnote in the description of the language.(Geoffrey Leech,  Meaning and the English Verb, 3rd ed., 2004; rpt. Routledge, 2013)   Pronunciation: in-DIK-i-tiv mood

On The Genealogy of Morals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

On The Genealogy of Morals - Assignment Example It was a defining aspect of ancient Egyptian culture. This was Nietzsche’s point. Morality is defined by culture, not true morality. Nietzsche’s examination of true morality was based on the question of morality as a basis, not morality of a culture. There are some basic morality rules that have remained unchanged throughout history. Murder, theft, and adultery have been outlawed from the beginning by most cultures. These are not defined by anyone culture, but by most. The cultural values are what set a culture apart from another. For example, Christianity has had set moral laws based on the Ten Commandments. Jewish culture has set moral laws not only by the Ten Commandments, but other laws outlined in the Torah or Christian Old Testament. The Chinese Culture has been influenced by Taoism, Buddhism, and other Eastern religions. Religion has set the morality in many cultures. Another point that Nietzsche made is today’s culture trying to atone for their culture’s past. An example would be America trying to make up for slavery. There is not way a culture can ‘make up’ for the past. The only solution is to try and search for true morality, and then live that way. Nietzsche warned that cultures trying to atone for the past have already ended their culture’s growth toward true

The Impact of the Black Death during the 14th Century Essay

The Impact of the Black Death during the 14th Century - Essay Example Cultural changes occurred as people had to cope with the consequences of the plague, creating a situation where changes occurred in order to combat the disease through means that reflected beliefs and traditions. The effects of the plague were written about through firsthand accounts of its devastating effects by Henry Knighton. He relates that in one day 1312 persons died from the disease. In relating the devastating effects of the disease in regard to how the affects reached farther than just human mortality, he reports that the sheep populations were also affected, creating a sense of the expanding ripples of effects that spread throughout all of human existence as the disease became an enemy to fight against and try to prevail. Knighton reports that the Scots believed that the disease was a condemnation of the English who seemed to have caused the wrath of God. However, soon the disease reached the Scottish shores and five thousand Scots were dead from the disease.1 One of the pr ominent theories on how the disease began its travels across the known world was through the use of a disease as a biological weapon. Allegedly, the Mongols during their siege of Caffa in Crimea hurled dead bodies, rotting with disease, into the holds of their enemies.2 From there, the disease began to proliferate and travel through trade routes as individuals and vermin carried the disease. A key understanding was made during the development of the plague in regard to the epistemology of disease control. According to Walsh, â€Å"Global shipping traffic has long served as a conduit for disease.3 The plague was spread through maritime routes, the rats on board the ships carrying fleas that transmitted the plague.4 While full understanding of how disease was spread was not understood, it was understood how this disease was traveling from place to place, but finding a way to contain the disease was not as easily grasped. In Venice, however, ships were quarantined in order to prevent the spread into the city, but this was not successful and even Venice eventually fell to the disease.5 It was during the period of time of the Black Plague that the term quarantine was coined in regard to efforts to contain the spread of the disease.6 The impact of the plague was harsh, quick and severe, impacting regions through decimations of populations that significantly changed the course of human development in the Western world. As an example, the art world was detrimentally affected as both artists and clients of artists were lost, thus changing the landscape. The first half of the 14th century had seen a great deal of activity, the world of art beginning to experience an expansion in style which was halted during the first breakout of the plague in 1348 and again in 1361. Central Italy was the core of the explosion in art advancement, but during this time it was stalled as it was also one of the worst areas hit by the plague.7 Death became personified in many of the works o f the period, stalking the population through imagery that suggested that there was an intent behind the spread of the disease as it ravaged populations and spread across continents. A preoccupation with death is visibly evident in the artwork of the period as well as the literature.8 It can be said that it was during this time that death became known as a cruel specter in the

Methods And Toolbox For Historical Studies Essay

Methods And Toolbox For Historical Studies - Essay Example Non-written sources contain articles like maps, artifacts, genetic and statistical data. (Williams, 56) The social significance of a historical inquiry rests on configuring the future based on past ideas, and events. Further, Historians are found to make the continuous revision on describing the past events in the light of contemporary ideas. (Williams, 114) In the light of the above context, it is found that history  is more popular and accepted when it is more relevant to the society and presented from a neutral point of view. The historical documentation is a process, which takes into account primary and secondary sources. In regards to the treatment given to the Jews at the time of the Second World War, both Primary and Secondary sources are mentioned. In the case of Primary sources, the Wannsee Protocol written by Adolf Eichmann in 1942 states that Jews were utilized for the purpose of labor in a quest for allocating the huge numbers. It further states that the protocol hinted at subjecting the Jews to heavy human labor like the building of roads. It aimed at a reduction in the numbers owing to the natural effect of inhuman labor. Eichmann further states that the Jews who would succumb to the heavy workloads and inhuman treatment will be granted â€Å"suitable treatment†. To this end, the secondary source a book written by Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman, Denying History argues on the second point presented by Eichmann. They argue stating that the Jews were deported to the East for subjecting th em to inhuman labor. They further state that Eichmann’s statement of â€Å"suitable treatment† certainly signifies assassination of the Jews. They argue stating that Jews who would succumb to the inhuman labor and given â€Å"suitable treatment† justly signifies a chance of Jewish survival and revival.